Gender and Youth Analysis Development Food Security Activity (DFSA) Livelihood for Resilience – Oromia CRS Ethiopia December 2017 Prepared by: Molly Kellogg & Jillian J. Foster Global Insight | 480 6th Avenue #138 | New York | NY 10011 Gender and Youth Analysis Development Food Security Activity (DFSA) Livelihood for Resilience – Oromia Authors: Molly Kellogg, Junior Consultant, Global Insight Jillian J. Foster, Senior Consultant, Global Insight Data Collectors: Aliya Hawas Asfaw Negesse Bedasso Urgessa Daniel Bedaso Elsabet Mamo Erkeselam Deribe Funge Fitala Kena Ghimbi Mussa Abdulahi Samson Tesfaye Seyoum Girma Tegenu Derersa Yirgalem Nigussie 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................................. 3 About the Authors ........................................................................................................................... 3 ACROMYMS & ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................ 4 LIST OF TABLES & CHARTS ..................................................................................................................... 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 6 Background ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction to the Study ................................................................................................................. 7 Key Substantive Findings ................................................................................................................. 9 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................... 11 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 15 Literature Review ........................................................................................................................... 15 Scope & Context ............................................................................................................................ 17 Background of Study Woredas ....................................................................................................... 17 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................ 20 RESULTS .......................................................................................................................................................... 22 Population & Geographic Breakdown ............................................................................................ 22 Domain 1: Roles, responsibilities & time use .................................................................................. 23 Domain 2: Access and control of assets & resources ...................................................................... 29 Domains 3 and 4: Power relations and decision-making ................................................................. 35 Domain 5: Knowledge, beliefs & perception, culture ..................................................................... 38 Domain 6: Legal environment ........................................................................................................ 43 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 44 RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................................. 46 BIBILIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................................................... 50 ANNEX I: RESEARCH PURPOSE, OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY ............................. 52 ANNEX II: TOOLS ....................................................................................................................................... 63 ANNEX III: SOW .......................................................................................................................................... 64 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, we would like to acknowledge USAID for their generous support to this study. Our sincerest gratitude is also extended to the individuals who helped bring this analysis to life. This study would not be possible without the selfless commitment of focus group discussion and key informant interview participants from across the Oromia Region and Dire Dawa Administrative Unit who took time out of their busy days to provide insight into their lives. Thank you to tireless commitment of the research team who spent long days in the field and led interviews with a sense of kindness and humanity and spent their evenings discussing, analyzing, translating and transcribing. Finally, a warm thank you to the CRS, MCS and HCS staff who provided invaluable technical and logistical support throughout the course of this study. About the Authors This report was authored by Molly Kellogg and Jillian J. Foster, as part of Global Insight’s humanitarian research portfolio. Global Insight highlights programmatic impact and answers difficult sociological questions through creative research methodologies. Headquartered in New York, Global Insight works with partners globally on livelihood, political participation, gender equality, and countering violent extremism programs in fragile states. Molly Kellogg (Global Insight). Kellogg is a gender specialist with a background in women, peace and security and humanitarian action. Kellogg completed her Masters in Public Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School where she conducted a mixed-method gender analysis of the South Sudanese refugee response in Uganda, and developed recommendations to inform UN Women’s programming and policy. Through Kellogg’s unique expertise in human-centered design, she brings humanitarian innovation to her analyses, building cross-cutting strategic recommendations to her clients. Kellogg is a junior consultant with Global Insight. Jillian J. Foster (Global Insight). Foster founded Global Insight in 2011 and leads the organization’s gender, peace, and security portfolio. As a pioneer in Global Insight's uniquely gender-sensitive, mixed-methods approach to evaluation and research, Foster works with partners globally on livelihood, political participation, gender-based violence, gender equality, and preventing/countering violent extremism programs. She is a graduate of New York University, where she completed a Masters in Data Science, and University College London, where she completed a Masters in Gender Studies. Foster is presently a doctoral student in Yale University’s Department of Political Science. 3 ACROMYMS & ABBREVIATIONS ATJK Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha (woreda) CC Community conversations CRS Catholic Relief Services DFSA Development Food Security Activity FFP Food For Peace FGD Focus Group Discussion FGM Female Genital Mutilation FSTF Food security task force FtF Feed the Future GBV Gender-based violence GoE Government of Ethiopia HCS Ethiopian Catholic Church Social & Development Commissions of Harar HTP Harmful traditional practice KII Key Informant Interview LG Livelihood group LRO Livelihoods for Resilience - Oromia MCS Ethiopian Catholic Church Social & Development Commissions of Meki MFI Microfinance institution OCSSCO Oromia Credit and Savings Share Company SILC Savings and Internal Lending Communities YLG Youth livelihood group 4 LIST OF TABLES & CHARTS Box 1: Box 1: Religious breakdown in Oromia Region and Dire Dawa Administrative Unit, by zone Box 2: Barriers to income generation for youth Box 3: Mini Case Study, Youth Revolving Fund, Siraro Chart 1: Demographic breakdown of participants Chart 2: References to males and females engaged in domestic labor, across woredas Chart 3: References to "transportation" as a challenge, by gender across woredas Chart 4: References to "transportation" as a challenge, by woreda Chart 5: Three highest priority concerns for youth Chart 6: References to "conflict" as a concern primary concern, by zone Chart 7: References to "access to finance" as a priority concern, by speaker (gender and age) Chart 8: Youth perception of community attitudes about youth leadership Chart 9: Percent breakdown by priority areas of overall mentions of HTP, across woredas Chart 10: Breakdown of KII references to polygamy and HTP, by woreda Chart 11: Gender and age breakdown of participants who express negative community beliefs towards youth, across woredas Chart 12: Most common methods of communication, by woreda Table 1: Data collection sample Table 2: Sampling Strategy Table 3: Demographic breakdown of participants Table 4: Migration of youth, destinations mentioned by study participants, by woreda 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background Men and women face different challenges and have different development needs and interests. In Ethiopia, women tend to have less ownership and control over assets, reduced decision-making power, and fewer educational and economic opportunities than their male counterparts.1 Women and girls also face greater barriers to participating in and benefiting from development projects, and encounter