C Language Tutorial C LANGUAGE TUTORIAL This tutorial teaches the entire C programming language. It is composed of 13 chapters which should be studied in order since topics are introduced in a logical order and build upon topics introduced in previous chapters. It is to the students benefit to download the source code for the example programs, then compile and execute each program as it is studied. The diligent student will modify the example program in some way, then recompile and execute it to see if he understands the material studied for that program. This will provide the student with valuable experience using his compiler. The recommended method of study is to print the text for one or two chapters, download the example programs, and study the material by loading the example programs in the compiler's editor for viewing. Following successful completion of each chapter, additional chapters can be downloaded as progress is made. Version 2.8 - Sept 8, 1996 - (Files restructured on March 15, 1997) This tutorial is distributed as shareware which means that you do not have to pay to use it. However, the author spent a good deal of time and financial resources to develop this tutorial and requests that you share in the financial burden in a very small way, but only if you felt the tutorial was valuable to you as an aid in learning to program in C. If you wish to remit a small payment to the author, full instructions for doing so will be given by clicking the link below. If you do not wish to remit any payment, please feel free to use the tutorial anyway. In either case, I hope you find programming in C to be rewarding and profitable. I personally think it is an excellent language. How to Remit Payment For this Tutorial! Introduction - What is C and why study it? Chapter 1 - Getting Started Chapter 2 - Program Structure Chapter 3 - Program Control Chapter 4 - Assignment & Logical Compare Chapter 5 - Functions, Variables, & Prototyping Chapter 6 - The C Preprocessor Chapter 7 - Strings and Arrays Chapter 8 - Pointers Chapter 9 - Standard Input/Output Chapter 10 - File Input/Output http://www.ufrmeca.univ-lyon1.fr/ISTIL/OutilsInfo/C/clist.htm (1 of 2) [02/04/2002 09:07:02] C Language Tutorial Chapter 11 - Structures Chapter 12 - Dynamic Allocation Chapter 13 - Character and Bit Manipulation Download the HTML Documentation - (chtm.zip) Download all of the above documents in one packed file. This file (about 155k) contains the 14 files listed above (plus the diagrams) which can be downloaded and unpacked for use locally. The content of this file is identical to the content of the above files. There are no executable files in this group of files. Download the Source Code - (csrc.zip) Download all example programs. This file (about 41k) contains 79 source files which are all explained in the 13 chapters of text. There are no executable files in this group of files. Download the Answers to Exercises- (cans.zip) Download the authors answers to all of the programming exercises. This file (about 11k) contains 27 source files. There are no executable files in this group of files. Download the pkunzip executable - (pkunzip.exe) Download pkunzip.exe version 2.04 to unzip the source code. This executable is pre-registered for your use in unzipping any Coronado Enterprises tutorial files. It will unpack and generate the zipped files in the current directory and all will be ASCII source code files. To unzip the source code files, execute the following DOS command; pkunzip csrc.zip Or, to unzip the answers to programming exercises, execute the following DOS command; pkunzip cans.zip Copyright © 1988-1997 Coronado Enterprises - Last update, March 15, 1997 Gordon Dodrill - [email protected] - Please email any comments or suggestions. http://www.ufrmeca.univ-lyon1.fr/ISTIL/OutilsInfo/C/clist.htm (2 of 2) [02/04/2002 09:07:02] How to Register CORONADO ENTERPRISES TUTORIALS HOW TO REGISTER AMOUNT OF PAYMENT If you are satisfied with the quality of the tutorial(s) which you are interested in, you can submit a registration fee to help defray the cost of developing the tutorial and to provide funds for developing additional tutorials or programming information. There is no fixed fee for using one or more tutorials, so you should consider the following amounts as suggested fees. You can pay whatever you think the information is worth. 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Thank you for your interest in our tutorials and for visiting our Web site. Coronado Enterprises - Last update, March 13, 1997 Gordon Dodrill - [email protected] - Please email any comments or suggestions. http://www.ufrmeca.univ-lyon1.fr/ISTIL/OutilsInfo/C/order.htm [02/04/2002 09:07:05] Email payment PAYMENT - Mastercard or Visa via email Send email payment to Coronado Enterprises [email protected] If you feel that email is safe enough to transmit your Mastercard or Visa number, this is the most convenient and quickest means of registration. Include at least the following information; Your card type, Mastercard or Visa . The cardholders's name on the card. Your card number. The expiration date of your card. The tutorial(s) you are registering for. The amount you wish to remit. If you wish to receive a hardcopy receipt via US Post Office mail, include your complete postal address. 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Coronado Enterprises - Last update, March 13, 1997 Gordon Dodrill - [email protected] - Please email any comments or suggestions. http://www.ufrmeca.univ-lyon1.fr/ISTIL/OutilsInfo/C/paymvp.htm [02/04/2002 09:07:21] Payment by Check PAYMENT - Check or money order via Post Office Print this form, fill it out and mail it to; Coronado Enterprises 12501 Coronado Ave NE Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA 87122 Name_______________________________________________________ Address_____________________________________________________ Address_____________________________________________________ City, State, Zip________________________________________________ Which tutorial(s)________________________________________________ Amount you wish to remit______________ We can only accept checks drawn on a United States Bank Any other comments or suggestions will be helpful for improving the current tutorials, and developing additional tutorials or teaching aids in the future. Coronado Enterprises - Last update, March 13, 1997 Gordon Dodrill - [email protected] - Please email any comments or suggestions. http://www.ufrmeca.univ-lyon1.fr/ISTIL/OutilsInfo/C/payckp.htm [02/04/2002 09:07:24] C Tutorial - Introduction Introduction to the C Tutorial C IS USUALLY FIRST The programming language C was originally developed by Dennis Ritchie of Bell Laboratories and was designed to run on a PDP-11 with a UNIX operating system. Although it was originally intended to run under UNIX, there has been a great interest in running it under the MS-DOS operating system on the IBM PC and compatibles. It is an excellent language for this environment because of the simplicity of expression, the compactness of the code, and the wide range of applicability. Also, due to the simplicity and ease of writing a C compiler, it is usually the first high level language available on any new computer, including microcomputers, minicomputers, and mainframes. C is not the best beginning language because it is somewhat cryptic in nature. It allows the programmer a wide range of operations from high level down to a very low level, approaching the level of assembly language. There seems to be no limit to the flexibility available. One experienced C programmer made the statement, "You can program anything in C", and the statement is well supported by my own experience with the language. Along with the resulting freedom however, you take on a great deal of responsibility because it is very easy to write a program that destroys itself due to the silly little errors that a good Pascal compiler will flag and call a fatal error. In C, you are very much on your own as you will soon find.