Multiple Framework Contract for the Support to Structural Reforms in EU Member States Lot 1: Support for the development and implementation of reforms “Digital Transformation of the Greek Industry” Deliverable 2: National Strategy for the 4th Industrial Revolution (Greece i4.0) (2021 -2027) for the Greek industry and manufacturing February 2021 This project is funded by the EU via the Structural Reform Support Programme and implemented in collaboration with PwC and the European Commission This project is funded by the EU via the Structural Reform Support Programme and implemented in collaboration with PwC and the European Commission Deliverable 2 – Final Draft National Strategy for the 4th Industrial Revolution (Greece i4.0) (2021 -2027) for the Greek industry and manufacturing Contents List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ iv Introduction to Deliverable 2 ................................................................................................................ 1 Executive summary ............................................................................................................................. 3 Key takeaways of the report on the current situation (Deliverable 1) ................................................. 14 Existing Strategies for Greece ........................................................................................................... 26 4.1 Greece’s “National Growth Strategy” (NGS) ............................................................................ 26 4.2 National Research and Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialisation (RIS3) ........................... 27 The European Industrial Strategy ...................................................................................................... 31 European Commission financing initiatives for strategic value chains in the EU ................................ 33 SWOT analysis: Analysis & evaluation of the current situation for Greece ........................................ 36 7.1 Chapter’s Summary: Greece’s Industry 4.0 “As-Is” anatomy .................................................... 36 7.2 The implemented approach for designing Greece’s SWOT analysis ........................................ 45 7.3 Strengths ................................................................................................................................. 50 7.3.1 Political & Economic Strengths ....................................................................................... 50 7.3.2 Technological Strengths .................................................................................................. 57 7.3.3 Innovation & R&D Strengths ........................................................................................... 67 7.3.4 Legal & Regulatory Strengths ......................................................................................... 72 7.3.5 Social & Environmental Strengths ................................................................................... 73 7.3.6 How can Greece leverage its Strengths for its Industry 4.0 strategy? .............................. 75 7.4 Weaknesses ............................................................................................................................ 77 7.4.1 Political & Economic Weaknesses .................................................................................. 77 7.4.2 Technological Weaknesses............................................................................................. 80 7.4.3 Innovation & R&D Weaknesses ...................................................................................... 88 7.4.4 Legal & Regulatory Weaknesses .................................................................................... 90 7.4.5 Social & Environmental Weaknesses .............................................................................. 92 7.4.6 How can Greece address its weaknesses through the Industry 4.0 strategy? ................. 97 7.5 Opportunities ........................................................................................................................... 98 7.5.1 Political & Economic Opportunities .................................................................................. 98 7.5.2 Technological Opportunities ............................................................................................ 99 7.5.3 Innovation and R&D Opportunities ................................................................................ 105 7.5.4 Legal & Regulatory Opportunities.................................................................................. 108 7.5.5 Social & Environmental Opportunities ........................................................................... 110 Digital Transformation of the Greek Industry Page | i Deliverable 2 – Final Draft National Strategy for the 4th Industrial Revolution (Greece i4.0) (2021 -2027) for the Greek industry and manufacturing 7.5.6 How can Greece exploit the global opportunities around Industry 4.0 through the Industry 4.0 strategy? ................................................................................................................. 111 7.6 Threats .................................................................................................................................. 112 7.6.1 Political & Economic Threats ......................................................................................... 112 7.6.2 Technological Threats ................................................................................................... 116 7.6.3 Innovation and R&D Threats ......................................................................................... 118 7.6.4 Social & Environmental Threats .................................................................................... 118 7.6.5 How can Greece mitigate the global Industry 4.0 related threats through the Industry 4.0 strategy? ....................................................................................................................... 120 Greece’s Industry 4.0 Vision & Execution Strategy .......................................................................... 121 8.1 Chapter’s summary ............................................................................................................... 121 8.2 The rationale for Greece’s Industry 4.0 Strategy .................................................................... 126 8.3 Greece’s Industry 4.0 vision ................................................................................................... 130 8.4 Industry 4.0 strategic initiatives within the EU ........................................................................ 132 8.5 The six execution pillars for Industry 4.0 vision’s operationalisation ....................................... 134 8.6 Next Steps ............................................................................................................................. 141 Appendix I – How the Six Execution Pillars address the SWOT analysis......................................... 143 9.1 Pillar 1: Digital skills & human capital qualifications ............................................................... 143 9.2 Pillar 2: Innovation & start-ups in the Digital Age ................................................................... 145 9.3 Pillar 3: Collaborations & synergies ....................................................................................... 148 9.4 Pillar 4: Standardisation & Norms .......................................................................................... 150 9.5 Pillar 5: Regulatory Environment ........................................................................................... 152 9.6 Pillar 6: Acceleration of investment in digital technologies ..................................................... 154 Appendix I – Reader Friendly Graphs ............................................................................................. 157 10.1 Strengths ............................................................................................................................... 157 10.2 Weaknesses .......................................................................................................................... 178 10.3 Opportunities ......................................................................................................................... 202 10.4 Threats .................................................................................................................................. 204 Digital Transformation of the Greek Industry Page | ii Deliverable 2 – Final Draft National Strategy for the 4th Industrial Revolution (Greece i4.0) (2021 -2027) for the Greek industry and manufacturing - This has been prepared in the context of the project “Digital Transformation of the Greek Industry”, for the purposes of the Deliverable 2 in accordance with the signed contract No SRSS/SC2019/034 Lot 1, Implementing framework contract procedure SRSS/P2017/FWC001 Lot 1. - This Report has been prepared by PricewaterhouseCoopers Business Solutions S.A. (PwC) for the exclusive use of DG Reform and the main beneficiary of the project, it being the General Secretariat for Industry, and should not be relied upon by any third party for any purpose. The authors do not assume and hereby disclaim any liability to any party for any loss or damage howsoever arising from the