ACP – EU Fisheries Research Report Number 10 ACP-EU Fisheries Research Initiative Proceedings of the INCO-DEV International Workshop on Policy Options for the Sustainable Use of Coral Reefs and Associated Ecosystems Mombasa, Kenya, 19-22 June 2000 Edited by Heidi Wittmer and Zien-Elabdin Hassan Interdisciplinary Centre for Sustainable Development Georg-August University of Göttingen, Germany Brussels December 2001 ACP-EU Fisheries Research Report (10) – Page i Wittmer, H. & Z. Hassan (eds.), 2001. ACP-EU Fisheries Research Initiative. Proceedings of the INCO-DEV International Workshop on Policy Options for the Sustainable Use of Coral Reefs and Associated Ecosystems. Mombasa, Kenya, 19-22 June 2000. Brussels, ACP-EU Fish.Res.Rep., (10):239 p. Titles of Related Interest Anon, 1995. ACP-EU Fisheries Research Initiative. Proceedings of the First Dialogue Meeting, Eastern and Southern Africa, Indian Ocean and the European Union. Swakopmund, Namibia, 5-8 July, 1995. Brussels, ACP-EU Fish.Res.Rep., (1):144 p. Anon, 1996. ACP-EU Fisheries Research Initiative. Proceedings of the Second Dialogue Meeting, West and Central Africa and the European Union. Dakar, Senegal, 22-26 April 1996. Brussels, ACP-EU Fish.Res.Rep., (2):166 p. Anon, 1997. ACP-EU Fisheries Research Initiative. Proceedings of the Third Dialogue Meeting, Caribbean and Pacific and the European Union. Belize, Belize City, 5-10 December 1996. Brussels, ACP-EU Fish.Res.Rep., (3):180 p. Pauly, D., V. Christensen & L. Coelho (eds.), 1999. Ocean food webs and economic productivity. Proceedings of the EXPO 98 Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, 1-3 July 1998. Brussels, ACP-EU Fish.Res.Rep., (5):87 p. Pullin, R.S.V., R. Froese and C.M.V. Casal (eds.), 1999. ACP-EU Fisheries Research Initiative. Proceedings of the Conference on Sustainable Use of Aquatic Biodiversity: Data, Tools and Cooperation. Lisbon, Portugal, 3-5 September 1998. Brussels, ACP-EU Fish.Res.Rep., (6):70 p. + CD ROM Sumaila, U.R., R. Chuenpagdee & M. Vasconcellos (eds.), 2000. Proceedings of the INCO-DC International Workshop on Markets, Global Fisheries and Local Development, Bergen, Norway, 22-23 March 1999. Brussels, ACP-EU Fish.Res.Rep., (7):115 p. Feoli, E. & C.E. Nauen (eds.), 2001. Proceedings of the INCO-DEV International Workshop on Information Systems for Policy and Technical Support in Fisheries and Aquaculture, Los Baños, Philippines, 5-7 June 2000. Brussels, ACP-EU Fish.Res.Rep., (8):135 p. The ACP-EU Fisheries Research Initiative The ACP-EU Fisheries Research Initiative was requested by the ACP-EU Joint Assembly, composed of Members of the European Parliament and Representatives of African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Countries, in a Resolution on Fisheries in the Context of ACP-EEC Cooperation, adopted in October 1993. A series of dialogue sessions was conducted between ACP and European aquatic resources researchers, managers and senior representatives of European cooperation, using a draft baseline paper for the Initiative produced by intra-European consultation. Since then, the principles have attracted interest in other regions. The Initiative aims at promoting sustainable economic and social benefits to resource users and other stakeholders, while preventing or reducing environmental degradation. It has set an agenda for voluntary collaborative research based on mutual responsibility and benefits. It promotes commitment to addressing the most crucial problems of restoring resource systems and their ecological and economic productivity with the objective of informing and supporting more directly economic and political decision making through pro- active and high quality research and stakeholder participation. In the meantime, the principles have been successfully used in wider scientific cooperation with other developing countries and regions as a result of bi-regional dialogue e.g. with East and Southeast Asia (ASEM), Mediterranean (MOCO) and Latin America and the Caribbean (ALCUE). Suitable instruments to fund research, capacity building and/or implementation are, among others, the European Development Fund (EDF), International Scientific Cooperation (INCO) as part of the EU RTD Framework Programmes, the Global Environment Facility (GEF), European Member States’ bilateral research and cooperation programmes and partner institutions' own resources. ACP-EU Fisheries Research Report (10) – Page ii ACP-EU Fisheries Research Report (10) – Page iii The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Commission concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries. Copyright belongs to the European Commission. Nevertheless, permission is hereby granted for reproduction in whole or part for educational, scientific or development related purposes, except those involving commercial sale on any medium whatsoever, provided that (1) full citation of the source is given and (2) notification is given in writing to the European Commission, Directorate General for Research, International Relations, 8 Square de Meeûs, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. Copies are available free of charge upon request from the Information Desk of the Directorate General for Research, International Relations, 8 Square de Meeûs, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected]. ACP-EU Fisheries Research Report Series The ACP-EU Fisheries Research Reports are a series of publications that aim to share information about the development of the ACP-EU Fisheries Research Initiative and wider findings generated in order to maximise the impact of its activities. It includes proceedings of workshops and meetings, statements on policy and research activities under the Initiative. An increasing number of these go beyond the strict framework of ACP-EU bi-regional S&T cooperation, in line with the global nature of the issues at hand. ACP-EU Fisheries Research Report (10) – Page iv Preface These proceedings contain most of the papers presented at the European Union (EU)-sponsored international workshop on Policy Options for the Sustainable Use of Coral Reefs and Associated Ecosystems held 19-22 June, 2001 in Mombasa, Kenya. The editors made it a point to include all the papers presented and made available to them by the participants at the workshop. The interesting discussions at this workshop demonstrated clearly that Coral Reef related research could gain considerably especially with regard to informing policy by intensifying the collaboration: o between natural and social scientists, o between European and Non-European researchers, as well as o between researchers and policy makers. The workshop was jointly organised by: The Interdisciplinary Centre for Sustainable Development (IZNE), (Georg-August University of Göttingen), Germany Dr. Heidi Wittmer (Project Coordinator) Dr. Abdul B. Kamara Dr. Zien-Elabdin Hassan DAR-German Environmental Consultants, Germany Dr. Lothar Schillak The Royal Geographical Society, UK Dr. Helge Peter Vogt It was hosted by the: Kenyan Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI), Mombasa, Kenya Mr. James Muhoro (Director Ag.), Dr. Renison Ruwa (Deputy Director) We take this opportunity to thank Dr. Cornelia Nauen from the EU for her invaluable support and guidance throughout this project, Dr. Rudolf Hermes and Dr. Anthony King as well as the co- organizers of the workshop, Dr. Lothar Schillak and Dr. Helge Vogt for their inputs and helpful comments concerning the proceedings. The support of Dr. Regina Birner and Prof. Dr. Rainer Marggraf from the IZNE is also gratefully acknowledged. The Editors ACP-EU Fisheries Research Report (10) – Page v ACP-EU Fisheries Research Report (10) – Page vi Abstract The present report contains the proceedings of the INCO-DEV International Workshop on “Policy Options for the Sustainable Use of Coral Reefs and Associated Ecosystems” convened in Mombasa, Kenya, 19-22 June 2000. It was convened to address issues associated with the ongoing degradation of coral reefs and associated ecosystems. This degradation takes place inspite of an impressing body of research results and and increasing number of technical solutions becoming available. Policy options for the sustainable use are only feasible if they allow reconciling the requirements of conservation with the economic and social demands of the people relying on these natural resources. By its very nature this challenge of managing coral reef ecosystems sustainably calls for international and interdisciplinary approaches. The focus of the workshop consisted in analysing how research can better contribute to the formulation and implementation of policy options for sustainable use. A special emphasis was placed on coordinating efforts between natural and social sciences. In four different panels challenges and opportunities concerning economic valuation of, technical options for, and stakeholder involvement in the sustainable use of reefs as well as the issues involved in co- ordinating policies for Marine Protected Areas on national and international scales were discussed. Working groups focussed on the potentials for improving cooperation between natural and social science research as well as between research on the one hand and policy makers and implementers on the other. Areas of policy intervention discussed include regulation of fisheries, the potential of reef restoration especially in combination with enhancing markets for sustainably