Emotions in Late Modernity This international collection discusses how the individualised, reflexive, late modern era has changed the way we experience and act on our emotions. Divided into four sections that include studies ranging across multiple conti- nents and centuries, Emotions in Late Modernity does the following: 1 Demonstrates an increased awareness and experience of emotional com- plexity in late modernity by challenging the legal emotional/rational divide; positive/negative concepts of emotional valence; sociological/phil- osophical/psychological divisions around emotion, morality and gender; and traditional understandings of love and loneliness. 2 Reveals tension between collectivised and individualised-privatised emo- tions in investigating ‘emotional sharing’ and individualised responsibility for anger crimes in courtrooms, and the generation of emotional energy and achievement emotions in classrooms. 3 Debates the increasing mediation of emotions by contrasting their histori- cal mediation (through texts and bodies) with contemporary digital media- tion of emotions in classroom teaching, collective mobilisations (e.g. riots) and film and documentary representations. 4 Demonstrates reflexive micro and macro management of emotions, with examinations of the ‘politics of fear’ around asylum seeking and religious subjects, and collective commitment to climate change mitigation. The first collection to investigate the changing nature of emotional experience in contemporary times, Emotions in Late Modernity will appeal to students and researchers interested in fields such as the sociology of emotions, cultural studies, political science and psychology. Edited by Roger Patulny, Alberto Bellocchi, Rebecca E. Olson, Sukhmani Khorana, Jordan McKenzie and Michelle Peterie. Routledge Studies in the Sociology of Emotions Edited by Mary Holmes and Julie Brownlie Senior lecturers at the University of Edinburgh, UK The sociology of emotions has demonstrated the fundamental and pervasive relevance of emotions to all aspects of social life. It is not merely another specialized sub-discipline; rather it aims to reconfigure bases of mainstream sociology. This book series will not only be of interest for specialists in emotions but to sociology at large. It is a locus for developing enhanced understandings of core problems of sociology, such as power and politics, social interactions and everyday life, macro-micro binaries, social institutions, gender regimes, global social transformations, the state, inequality and social exclusion, identi- ties, bodies and much more. Love and Society Special Social Forms and the Master Emotion Swen Seebach The Emotional Market Capitalism, Consumption and Authenticity Edited by Eva Illouz Emotions in Late Modernity Edited by Roger Patulny, Alberto Bellocchi, Rebecca E. Olson, Sukhmani Khorana, Jordan McKenzie and Michelle Peterie For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/sociology/series/RSSE Emotions in Late Modernity Edited by Roger Patulny, Alberto Bellocchi, Rebecca E. Olson, Sukhmani Khorana, Jordan McKenzie and Michelle Peterie First published 2019 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business 2019 selection and editorial matter, Roger Patulny, Alberto Bellocchi, Rebecca E. Olson, Sukhmani Khorana, Jordan McKenzie and Michelle Peterie; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Roger Patulny, Alberto Bellocchi, Rebecca E. Olson, Sukhmani Khorana, Jordan McKenzie and Michelle Peterie to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-0-8153-5432-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-351-13331-9 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon, UK Contents List of contributors xiii Foreword xx JACK BARBALET Acknowledgements xxv Introduction 1 ROGER PATULNY, REBECCA E. OLSON, SUKHMANI KHORANA, JORDAN MCKENZIE, ALBERTO BELLOCCHI AND MICHELLE PETERIE References 6 1 Emotions in late modernity 8 ROGER PATULNY AND REBECCA E. OLSON Introduction 8 Emotions across history 10 Classical emotions 10 Modern emotions 11 Late modernity 12 Emotions in late modernity 14 Complexity of emotions, and newly complex emotions 14 Individualised emotions 15 Commodified emotions 16 Mediated emotions 17 Reflexively managed emotions 18 Conclusion 19 Note 20 References 20 vi Contents PART I Emotional complexity and complex understandings of emotions 25 2 Emotive-cognitive rationality, background emotions and emotion work 27 ÅSA WETTERGREN Introduction 27 Emotion and reason 27 Emotion, action and emotion work 30 Assumptions and implications of the model 32 Emotional regime vs emotive-cognitive frame 33 The Migration Board: procedural correctness 34 Conclusion 37 Notes 38 References 39 3 Conceptualising valences in emotion theories: a sociological approach 41 ALBERTO BELLOCCHI AND JONATHAN H. TURNER Conceptualisations of emotional valences 41 What is an emotional valence? 41 Valence and hedonicity 42 Valence and polarity 43 Valence and solidarity 43 Valence and health 44 Valence and biology 45 Clarifying emotional valence for a sociology of emotions 46 Emotions in late modern societies 51 Chapter summary and concluding remarks 53 Acknowledgement 53 References 54 4 Emotion and morality: a sociological reading of the philosophy of emotion 56 JORDAN MCKENZIE Introduction 56 On emotion and morality: philosophy 57 On emotion and morality: sociology 62 Conclusion 66 References 66 Contents vii 5 Sociological approaches to the study of gender and emotion in late modernity: culture, structure and identity 69 KATHRYN J. LIVELY Introduction 69 Symbolic interaction/dramaturgy 72 Group processes 74 Social structure and personality 75 Affect control theory 77 Conclusion 78 Note 80 References 80 6 Loneliness and love in late modernity: sites of tension and resistance 83 NICHOLAS HOOKWAY, BARBARA BARBOSA NEVES, ADRIAN FRANKLIN AND ROGER PATULNY Introduction 83 Love and loneliness in late modernity 84 Social media and loneliness 86 Companion animals and loneliness 89 Conclusion 91 References 93 PART II Individualised emotions as private responsibility 99 7 Emotions and criminal law: new perspectives on an enduring presence 101 SUSANNE KARSTEDT Introduction 101 Emotion sharing: universal dynamics in criminal justice settings 103 Emotion sharing: the framework 103 The legal setting: restraining or enabling? 105 Disjunctions: emotion sharing between victims, perpetrators and audiences 107 Conclusion: enhancing the emotional capacity of criminal justice 109 References 110 viii Contents 8 Undramatic emotions in learning: a sociological model 114 JAMES P. DAVIS AND ALBERTO BELLOCCHI Introduction 114 Conceptualisation of emotional energy 116 A graphical model of emotional energy 119 Feelings 120 Ideas 121 Bodily movements 121 Intensity of emotional energy 122 Separating notions of intensity, drama and valence 122 High-intensity, undramatic emotional energy 123 Low-intensity, dramatic emotional energy 125 Implications and future research 126 Acknowledgements 127 Note 127 References 127 9 Emotions and the criminal law: anger and the defence of provocation 129 SARAH SORIAL Introduction 129 The law of provocation/loss of self-control 130 Emotions and late modernity: anger and self-control 133 The philosophical literature 133 The empirical evidence 135 Socialisation of emotions 137 Conclusion 139 Notes 139 References 140 Cases 140 Texts 140 10 Achievement emotions: a control-value theory perspective 142 REINHARD PEKRUN Introduction 142 Emotion and achievement emotions 143 Origins of achievement emotions 144 Appraisals as proximal individual antecedents 145 Distal individual antecedents: the role of achievement goals 147 The influence of tasks and social environments 148 Contents ix Functions of emotions for learning and achievement 150 Positive emotions: enjoyment, hope, pride, and relief 151 Negative activating emotions: anxiety, shame, anger, and confusion 151 Negative deactivating emotions: boredom and hopelessness 152 Reciprocal causation, emotion regulation, and therapy 153 Relative universality of achievement emotions 153 Concluding comments 154 References 154 PART III Mediated emotions 159 11 Mediating English historical evolution in Charles Kingsley’s Hereward the Wake (1866) 161 ANDREW LYNCH Englishness and ‘the spirit of freedom’ 161 Degenerate monks and manly Protestants 162 Hereward: avatar of English racial evolution 165 Emotion and the resilience of English separatism 173 References 174 12 Affect and automation: a critical genealogy of the emotions 176 ELIZABETH STEPHENS Introduction