PICA Vol.5 Page 59 REVIEW-ESSAYS The Clare Set : Free Reed Reissues Classic Clare Concertina Recordings Monumental but Hardly Definitive Gearóid Ó hAllmhuráin The Clare Set: The Definitive 6-CD Archive of the Concertina Traditions of County Clare, various artists . Free Reed AnClar06 (2006) For centuries, the near-insular county of Clare, on Ireland’s western seaboard, has been an unlikely land’s end for travelers and merchants, evangelists and colonial bureaucrats, antiquarians and historians. Anthropologists and music collectors too have added their peregrinations to the well-worn pathways of earlier travelers. 1 Like the proverbial goldfish in a transparent bowl, the natives of Clare have been screened and measured, described and defined by legions of scribes from all corners of the globe. From Harvardians Conrad Arensberg and Solon Kimball whose somewhat spurious account of a ‘typical Irish rural community’ was based on fieldwork conducted in Clare in the 1930s, 2 to English concertina enthusiasts Neil Wayne and John Tams, whose fieldwork produced this monumental collection of Clare music in the 1970s, etic enthusiasts of various persuasions have sought to render the all-illusive definitive account of this isolated barren place and its quaint, if oddly exotic, inhabitants. Music collecting has enjoyed a long and eclectic history in Clare, since the forays of George Petrie and Eugene O’Curry in the pre-famine years of the nineteenth century to the now famous radio journeys of Séamus Ennis and Ciarán MacMathúna over a century afterwards. By the 1970s, however, Clare was rapidly exposed to new currents in popular and counter cultures, both of which would have a pivotal impact on its traditional music and on those concerned with its preservation. A decade after the implementation of the Lemass- Whitaker plan for Irish economic recovery in the late 1950s, the region had grown relatively prosperous as foreign corporations invested in the Shannon industrial corridor and Clare’s youth no longer felt the need to emigrate in large numbers. The introduction of television to Ireland in 1961 had, by the end of the decade, reinforced the presence of Anglo-American popular culture throughout Clare, as well as in other parts of rural Ireland. Likewise, Ireland’s entry into the European Economic Community (later the European Union) in 1973, set the stage for seasonal incursions of new tourists from the university towns of Europe. Young Americans too found their way to Clare in the 1970s, PICA Vol.5 Page 60 many seeking a respite from the corporate liberalism and sprawling suburban culture of Uncle Sam. For reasons still largely unexplored, Clare and, in particular, the straggling fishing village of Doolin on the edge of the Burren karst, became a musical mecca for a global community of students and hippies escaping the chains of modern industrial culture. ‘Landing in with their bags and their rags’—in the prophetic words of Pakie Russell (Doolin’s philosopher and concertina player)— on an aging community of farmers and fishermen (one of the largest concentrations of bachelors in the West of Ireland), these arrivistes transformed Doolin into an entrepôt of multicultural tourism during the 1970s. Dubbed by one laconic wag as ‘the vas in Doolin crowd’, demin-clad blondes from Sweden, German rucksackers, and sallow-skinned Francophones in yellow wind-breakers packed Doolin’s three pubs to capacity every night to hear the natives play the music of another era. In the narrow street outside, tourist bikes, laden with bags and maps, jostled with tractors, cattle creels, and the Citreön deux cheveaux (the ubiquitous people’s car of France) for miniscule parking spots. The hidden Ireland of rural Clare would never again be the same. In the resulting transformation, this transient community would change forever the cultural texture of Clare, designating Doolin as a world capital of Irish traditional music and elevating its hereditary keepers (especially the Russell brothers) to the role of ambassadors of a music that was once consigned to the periphery of Irish life. It was into this milieu of socio-cultural change that Neil Wayne and John Tams arrived in January 1974. As counter-cultural hippies, folkies, and revivalists were witnessing and waking the old folk ways, new cultural vistas (Anglo-American and European) beckoned abruptly from afar. In Clare, ‘the spiritual home of the concertina’, according to Tams, the instrument was associated with an older cohort of male performers, relatively few in number, who represented the public face of a once- thriving tradition that went back to the Great Famine of the 1840s. Marginalized by mass-produced accordions (the instrument of choice for most young Irish musicians in the 1960s and 1970s), the concertina seemed as if it might go the way of the uilleann pipes in Clare, or indeed the harp on the eve of the Belfast harpers’ gathering in 1792 (that attracted a mere ten performers, the last of their kind who were heirs to a thousand years of music). Disciples of the English folk revival, Wayne, a concertina historian, and Tams, a well-known folk singer (and future music director with BBC Radio 2), began their journey in Dublin, where they were treated to ‘tea and cream buns’ by the then upwardly-mobile overlord of the Chieftains, Paddy Moloney, in the luxurious offices of Claddagh Records. In the weeks that PICA Vol.5 Page 61 followed, their journey took them from the former second city of the empire across the heartland of the nation, westwards over the Shannon to the Banner County of Clare. Armed with Nagra and Sennheiser tape recorders and a van ready to tackle the byroads of rural Ireland, their mission was to record the keepers of Clare’s concertina music and publish it on Wayne’s nascent Free Reed label, which had joined forces with Topic Records, an older company with strong socialist credentials that had brought icons like Ewan MacColl, A.L. Lloyd, and Shirley Collins to public attention during the halcyon days of the British folk revival. 3 To help bring their task to fruition, Wayne and Tams recruited Kerry folklorist Muiris Ó Rócháin (Director of Scoil Shamhraidh Willie Clancy, the largest Irish traditional music academy in the world), who had just settled in Miltown Malbay a few years earlier; in addition, there were West Cork concertina player and music historian, Seán O’Dwyer, English folklorists A.L. Lloyd and Roly Brown, designer Tony Engle, and photographer Valerie Wilmer. In 2007, Dubliner Shay Fogarty and former Chieftain, Michael Turbridy contributed their editorial skills to the re-issued box set of this 1974 expedition. The Recordings, Performers, and Collectors The Russell Family of Doolin, Co Clare (Free Reed FCLAR 01, originally Topic LP 12TS 251). Recorded in 1974 and released the following year, when Doolin was a nascent mecca of Irish traditional music, this recording features the Russell brothers—Micho (1915- 1994), Pakie (1920-1977), and Gussie (1917-2004)—playing whistle, flute, and concertina, as well as the wonderfully quaint traditional singing of Micho Russell. With an ethnographic essay and annotated tune notes by Muiris Ó Rocháin (who had just launched Scoil Shamraidh Willie Clancy in nearby Miltown Malbay the previous year), this recording is an abiding testament to unadorned traditional playing rendered in its own natural environment without recourse to studio contrivances or technical gimmickry. It is suitably adorned with period photographs of the Russells playing outside the door of Gussie O’Conner’s pub in Doolin (before it was ‘spruced up’ for the hordes of vas in Doolin tourists), as well as stoic portraits (especially of Pakie) taken within the portals of this once all-male sanctuary. The new issue also features a copy of the real estate advert announcing the sale of the Russell homestead after the death of Gussie, the last brother, in 2004—a sad reminder of the music and music makers that are no more. PICA Vol.5 Page 62 From a musical perspective, this disc contains a superb snapshot of vernacular dance music and song plucked directly from its guardians in full flight in the kitchen of their local hostelry. The ambiance of the performance has more in keeping with the natural milieu of a teach cuairde (old-world visiting house) than a modern pub intent on matching tunes played with pints of Guinness sold. Unfazed by microphones or foreign guests, the brothers seem totally relaxed as they play through various solo, duo, and trio combinations. While Micho’s songs, sung in his own inimitable style, were light years removed from the lyrics sweeping to fame on commercial charts, his archaic narratives spoke of an older gemeinschaft of saints and monasteries, migrant fishermen in search of patronage, and farmers’ sons intent on courtship. Likewise, the whistle playing of himself and Gussie, deceptive in its simplicity, was filled with enigmatic silences and unpredictable beauty. For concertina aficionados, this recording shines a rare spotlight on the musical genius of Pakie Russell, one of the most unlauded figures of Irish concertina music. His playing of The Heather(y) Breeze and The Traveler (signature pieces), Russell’s Hornpipe and Fisher’s Hornpipe , as well as Tommy Glenny’s Reel (Tear the Calico) is laced with melodic taste and rhythmic sophistication. However, his unique treatment of the local Connemara Stockings (of biblical importance in the music of Kilfenora) and the global The De’il Among the Tailors (known under various French and English monickers all over North America) is nothing short of stunning. The pensive, curious, and roguish personality of Pakie (so well explored in the erudite essays of Irish poet Michael Coady, and quintessential reading for anyone interested in the Russells and their habitat) permeates these tunes and continues to inspire those with an ear for the deep spirituality that underlies this music.