SURVEY OF PRIVATE COPYRIGHT DOCUMENTATION SYSTEMS AND PRACTICES prepared by Marco Ricolfi, professor, Università di Torino and NEXA Center - Politecnico di Torino , Italy (scientific coordinator) Federico Morando, researcher, NEXA Center - Politecnico di Torino , Italy (main editor) Camilo Rubiano, researcher, NEXA Center - Politecnico di Torino , Italy Shirley Hsu, research assistant, NEXA Center - Politecnico di Torino , Italy Marisella Ouma, executive director, Kenya Copyright Board Juan Carlos De Martin, professor, NEXA Center - Politecnico di Torino, Italy ----------------- The views and opinions expressed in this Survey are the sole responsibility of the authors. The Survey is not intended to reflect the views of the Member States or the WIPO Secretariat. – September 9, 2011 Survey of Private Copyright Documentation Systems and Practices page 2 Table of Contents prepared by ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Survey of Private Copyright Documentation Systems and Practices ........................................... 4 1. Introductory Remarks about Private Registries and Documentation Systems ....................... 5 2. Setting the Stage ........................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Preliminary Notes on Copyright Registration and Incentives ................................................ 8 2.1.1. Different Kind of Formalities ................................................................................................... 8 2.1.2. Public Copyright Registries and Legal Presumptions ....................................................... 10 2.1.3. Public Copyright Registries and Procedural Advantages ................................................. 10 2.1.4. Legal deposit ......................................................................................................................... 11 2.2. Enabling Technologies ............................................................................................................ 11 2.2.1. Identity Certification .............................................................................................................. 12 2.2.2. Digital Fingerprints and Hash-Codes .................................................................................. 13 2.2.3. Trusted Timestamping .......................................................................................................... 13 2.2.4. Non-Repudiation ................................................................................................................... 13 2.3. Emerging De Facto Licensing Standards .............................................................................. 15 2.4. Registry and Archive Interoperability ..................................................................................... 18 3. Private Copyright Registries ....................................................................................................... 18 3.1. General Purpose Registries .................................................................................................... 19 Annex I reviews some of these registries: ..................................................................................... 21 3.2. Specialized/Sectoral Registries .............................................................................................. 23 4. Private Documentation Systems ................................................................................................ 24 4.1. Platforms Including Documentation Systems ........................................................................ 27 4.2. Meta-Documentation Projects ................................................................................................. 29 Notes about the table: .................................................................................................................. 34 5. Emerging Trends ......................................................................................................................... 35 5.1. Private Copyright Registries as a Growing Phenomenon .................................................... 35 5.2. Private Copyright Registries as an Engine of Innovation ..................................................... 37 5.3. Further Prospective Innovation ............................................................................................... 40 5.4. Can Private Registries Compete with Public Ones? ............................................................ 41 6. Private Registries as Public Goods ........................................................................................... 43 7. Summing Up ................................................................................................................................ 45 Annex I – Private Copyright Registries and Documentation Systems ....................................... 48 General Purpose Registries ........................................................................................................... 48 MYOWS (http://myows.com/) ......................................................................................................... 48 Numly (http://www.numly.com/) ..................................................................................................... 49 Survey of Private Copyright Documentation Systems and Practices page 3 Copyright Deposit (http://www.copyrightdeposit.com/)................................................................ 50 MyFreeCopyright (http://myfreecopyright.com/) ........................................................................... 51 Copyright Registration Service (http://www.copyrightregistrationservice.com)......................... 51 Patamu (http://www.patamu.com/) ................................................................................................. 52 General Purpose, Commons Oriented Registries ........................................................................ 53 Safe Creative (http://www.safecreative.org) ................................................................................. 53 Registered Commons (http://www.registeredcommons.org/) ..................................................... 54 CreativDepot (http://www.creativdepot.at/) ................................................................................... 56 Specialized/Sectoral Registries ...................................................................................................... 56 Writers Guild Of America, West Registry (http://www.wgawregistry.org/) ................................. 56 FRAPA Format Registry (http://www.frapa.org/format-registry/) ................................................ 57 Songrite (http://www.songrite.com)................................................................................................ 58 Photographer Registry (http://www.photographerregistry.com/) ................................................. 59 Photographer Registry is a joint effort of different photographers associations of the United States. ............................................................................................................................................... 59 C-Registry (http://www.c-registry.us/) ............................................................................................ 60 Private Documentation Systems .................................................................................................... 61 Open Library (http://openlibrary.org).............................................................................................. 61 WorldCat Copyright Evidence Registry (http://www.worldcat.org/copyrightevidence/registry) 61 Platforms Including Documentation Systems ............................................................................... 62 Flickr (http://www.flickr.com/).......................................................................................................... 62 Jamendo (http://www.jamendo.com) ............................................................................................. 64 Google Books (http://books.google.com/) ..................................................................................... 65 Google Book Rights Registry ......................................................................................................... 67 Meta-Documentation Projects ........................................................................................................ 68 Creative Commons (http://www.creativecommons.org) .............................................................. 68 PLUS (http://www.useplus.com/) ................................................................................................... 69 Survey of Private Copyright Documentation Systems and Practices page 4 Survey of Private Copyright Documentation Systems and Practices Private copyright registration and documentation systems around the world arguably constitute the largest pool of information concerning copyright and related rights. Undoubtedly, these same systems provide the greatest online free access of the same pool of information. Private copyright registration systems collect, store, and manage relevant data as provided by registrants. Traditionally, public registries contain data related to the works, the authorship, and the rights of ownership; and, can often serve as reliable evidence to be used