Kingdom of Cambodia Data Collection Survey on Electric Power Sector in Cambodia Final Report March 2012 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) The Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc. SAP JR 12 -021 Data Collection Survey on Electric Power Sector in Cambodia Final Report Contents Chapter 1 Background, Objectives and Scope of Study……...............................................................1-1 1.1 Background of the Study………....................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Objectives of the Study...................................................................................................................1-1 1.3 Supported agencies of the study.....................................................................................................1-2 1.4 Road map of study..........................................................................................................................1-2 Chapter 2 Current Status of the Power Sector in Cambodia................................................................2-1 2.1 Organizations of the Power Sector.................................................................................................2-1 2.1.1 Structure of the power sector.............................................................................................2-1 2.1.2 MIME................................................................................................................................2-1 2.1.3 EAC...................................................................................................................................2-3 2.1.4 EDC...................................................................................................................................2-4 2.1.5 REF..................................................................................................................................2-15 2.1.6 REE..................................................................................................................................2-16 2.1.7 Summary of electricity enterprises.…….........................................................................2-17 2.1.8 Other related organizations..............................................................................................2-33 2.2 Legal Systems...............................................................................................................................2-36 2.2.1 The Electricity Law.........................................................................................................2-36 2.2.2 Technical standards for electric power............................................................................2-37 2.2.3 Legal systems and processes for the environment..........................................................2-38 2.3 Electricity policies........................................................................................................................2-40 2.4 Economic circumstances..............................................................................................................2-42 2.4.1 Gross domestic product...................................................................................................2-42 2.4.2 Price of commodities......................................................................................................2-43 2.4.3 Investment trend……......................................................................................................2-43 2.4.4 Miscellaneous.................................................................................................................2-44 2.5 Current status of electricity supply.……......................................................................................2-45 2.5.1 Generated electric power................................................................................................2-45 2.5.2 Electricity sales...............................................................................................................2-49 2.5.3 Maximum electric power................................................................................................2-56 2.5.4 Daily load curve..............................................................................................................2-59 2.5.5 Power flow in the Phnom Penh system..........................................................................2-61 2.5.6 Transmission and distribution loss rate...........................................................................2-63 2.5.7 Number of consumers.....................................................................................................2-63 2.6 Power facility................................................................................................................................2-66 2.6.1 Power generation facility................................................................................................2-66 2.6.2 Transmission and distribution facility............................................................................2-70 2.7 Demand forecast...........................................................................................................................2-74 2.7.1 How demands were forecasted.......................................................................................2-74 2.7.2 Demand forecast by area.................................................................................................2-76 2.8 Electricity development plan........................................................................................................2-80 2.8.1 Processes for power development...................................................................................2-80 2.8.2 Power development plan.................................................................................................2-81 2.8.3 Development plans for transmission lines......................................................................2-83 2.9 Environmental friendliness...........................................................................................................2-85 2.9.1 Environmental friendliness for power development.......................................................2-85 2.9.2 Environmental friendliness for transmission line and substation development……......2-85 2.9.3 Environmental friendliness for power distribution…….................................................2-85 2.10 Support from other donors and private enterprises.....................................................................2-86 2.10.1 Trend in the WB support...............................................................................................2-86 2.10.2 Trend in the ADB support.............................................................................................2-87 2.10.3 Trend in support from Korea........................................................................................2-87 2.10.4 Trend in the KfW support.............................................................................................2-88 The Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc. i Data Collection Survey on Electric Power Sector in Cambodia Final Report 2.10.5 Trend in support from China.........................................................................................2-88 2.11 Rural Electrification....................................................................................................................2-89 2.11.1 Current status and policies............................................................................................2-89 2.11.2 Trends in support from other donors..........................................................................2-112 2.11.3 Significance of rural electrification in northeastern area using micro hydropower.2-112 2.12 Micro hydropower generation using agricultural canal............................................................2-116 2.12.1 Outline of agricultural project in Cambodia…………...............................................2-116 2.12.2 Possibility of hydropower development using agricultural canals….........................2-119 2.13 Human resource development..................................................................................................2-121 2.13.1 Human resource development-related projects...........................................................2-121 2.13.2 Institute of Technology of Cambodia.........................................................................2-122 2.14 Electricity tariffs.......................................................................................................................2-124 2.14.1 Calculation of electricity tariffs..................................................................................2-124 2.14.2 Electricity tariffs.........................................................................................................2-124 2.14.3 Comparison with neighboring countries.....................................................................2-129 2.14.4 Licensing fees.............................................................................................................2-131 2.15 Financial statuses of related organizations...............................................................................2-133 2.15.1 Financial status of EAC..............................................................................................2-133 2.15.2 Financial status of EDC..............................................................................................2-133