I-190/Silver Street Interchange TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Purpose of and Need for Proposed Action ............................ 1-1 1.1 Project Background ............................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Project Location ..................................................................................... 1-1 1.2.1 Study Area ...................................................................................... 1-2 1.2.2 Project Area .................................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Project Description ................................................................................ 1-3 1.4 Purpose and Need of the Project .......................................................... 1-4 1.4.1 Purpose of Project ................................................................................. 1-4 1.4.2 Project Need .......................................................................................... 1-4 1.4.3 Support: Data shows Need for the Project ............................................ 1-4 1.4.3.1 Structural Deficiencies ............................................................. 1-4 1.4.3.2 Geometric Deficiencies ............................................................ 1-4 1.4.3.3 Transportation Demands .......................................................... 1-5 1.4.3.4 System Linkage ........................................................................ 1-5 1.4.3.5 Safety ........................................................................................ 1-5 1.5 Other Projects ........................................................................................ 1-5 Chapter 2 Alternatives .............................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Identification of Alternatives ................................................................ 2-1 2.1.1 No-Build Alternative ............................................................................. 2-1 2.1.2 Build Alternatives ................................................................................. 2-1 2.1.3 Evaluation of Build Alternatives………………………………………2-1 2.2 Preferred Alternative............................................................................. 2-6 Chapter 3 Affected Environment and Environmental Impacts ............ 3-1 3.1 Land Use ................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Impacts of Alternatives ......................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Public Facilities and Services ................................................................ 3-3 3.2.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................... 3-3 3.2.2 Impacts of Alternatives ......................................................................... 3-3 3.3 Visual Impacts and Aesthetics .............................................................. 3-5 3.3.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................... 3-5 3.3.2 Impacts of Alternatives ......................................................................... 3-5 3.4 Archeological and Historic Resources ................................................. 3-5 3.4.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................... 3-5 3.4.2 Impacts of Alternatives ......................................................................... 3-6 3.5 Economic Resources ..............................................................................3 -8 3.5.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................... 3-8 3.5.1.1 Income and Employment ........................................................... 3-8 Table of Contents July 2013 Final Environmental Assessment ii I-190/Silver Street Interchange 3.5.1.2 Business and Access .................................................................. 3-8 3.5.2 Impacts of Alternatives ......................................................................... 3-8 3.6 Environmental Justice ........................................................................... 3-8 3.6.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................... 3-8 3.6.1.1 Population…………………………...………………………. 3-8 3.6.2 Impacts of Alternatives ....................................................................... 3-10 3.7 Air Quality ............................................................................................ 3-13 3.7.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................. 3-13 3.7.2 Impacts of Alternatives ....................................................................... 3-13 3.8 Noise ...................................................................................................... 3-13 3.8.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................. 3-13 3.8.2 Impacts of Alternatives ....................................................................... 3-14 3.9 Relocations ............................................................................................ 3-16 3.9.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................. 3-16 3.9.2 Impacts of Alternatives ....................................................................... 3-16 3.10 Wetlands and other Waters of the U.S............................................... 3-18 3.10.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................. 3-18 3.10.1.1 Wetlands ................................................................................ 3-18 3.10.1.2 Other Waters of the U.S. ....................................................... 3-18 3.10.2 Impacts of Alternatives……………………………….………….......3-18 3.11 Water Quality ....................................................................................... 3-18 3.11.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................. 3-18 3.11.2 Impacts of Alternatives ....................................................................... 3-19 3.12 Floodplain ............................................................................................. 3-21 3.12.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................. 3-21 3.12.2 Impacts of Alternatives ....................................................................... 3-21 3.13 Threatened or Endangered Species .................................................... 3-23 3.13.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................. 3-23 3.13.2 Impacts of Alternatives ....................................................................... 3-23 3.14 Section 4(f) and 6(f) Resources ........................................................... 3-24 3.14.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................. 3-24 3.14.2 Impacts of Alternatives ....................................................................... 3-25 3.15 Regulated Materials .............................................................................3 -27 3.15.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................. 3-27 3.15.2 Impacts of Alternatives ....................................................................... 3-28 3.16 Cumulative Impacts .............................................................................3 -30 3.16.1 Past, Present and Reasonably Foreseeable Future Actions ................. 3-30 3.17 Construction ......................................................................................... 3-31 Table of Contents July 2013 Final Environmental Assessment iii I-190/Silver Street Interchange Chapter 4 Environmental Commitments ................................................ 4-1 4.1 Summary of Environmental Commitments ........................................ 4-1 Chapter 5 Comments and Coordination ................................................. 5-1 5.1 Agency/City Coordination..................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Tribal Coordination ............................................................................... 5-2 5.3 Public Involvement ................................................................................ 5-3 Chapter 6 References ................................................................................. 6-1 Table of Contents July 2013 Final Environmental Assessment iv I-190/Silver Street Interchange LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 Comparison of Alternatives ................................................................................ 2-3 Table 2-2 Summary of Summary of Impacts for the Alternatives 1a and 2a ..................... 2-6 Table 3-1 Demographics Overview ................................................................................... 3-9 Table 3-2 Low Income Households .................................................................................. 3-10 Table 3-3 23 CFR 772 Noise Abatement Criteria ............................................................ 3-14 Table 3-4 Residences Proposed for Acquisition ............................................................... 3-16