Mapping the Peruvian diaspora in Germany October 2018 Charlotte Mueller Katharina Koch Nora Jasmin Ragab CONTENTS List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... III List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... III List of abbreviations ...............................................................................................................................IV Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................V Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................VI 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Programme Migration for Development (PME) ................................................................................. 3 3. Concept of diasporas and diaspora organisations .............................................................................. 4 4. Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 7 5. Peruvian diaspora: migration patterns and history ............................................................................ 9 5.1. Peruvian emigration profile ......................................................................................................... 9 5.2. Characteristics of Peruvian immigrant population in Germany ................................................ 12 5.2.1. Size and geographical distribution ...................................................................................... 13 5.2.2. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics ............................................................. 15 5.3. Subjective view on the Peruvian immigrant population and the development of the organised Peruvian diaspora in Germany .......................................................................................................... 18 6. Peruvian diaspora organisations and their engagement in development ....................................... 21 6.1. Organisational landscape and transnational practices ............................................................. 21 6.1.1. Culture ............................................................................................................................. 23 6.1.2. Development and humanitarian aid ............................................................................... 24 6.1.3. Academic ............................................................................................................................. 26 6.1.4. Advocacy and integration ................................................................................................... 27 6.1.5. Business ............................................................................................................................... 28 6.2. Membership ............................................................................................................................... 28 6.3. Capacities ................................................................................................................................ 30 6.4. Cooperation and diaspora networks ......................................................................................... 31 6.5. Non-diasporic networks and umbrella organisations ............................................................... 32 6.6. Digital presence .......................................................................................................................... 33 7. Policy influence on Peruvian diaspora activities ............................................................................... 34 7.1. Peruvian policies toward the diaspora ...................................................................................... 34 II 7.2. Development and diaspora engagement policies in Germany ................................................. 36 8. Key challenges, opportunities and avenues for cooperation ........................................................... 38 8.1. Challenges in the origin country context ................................................................................... 39 8.2. Challenges in the destination country context .......................................................................... 39 8.3. Challenges within the diaspora .................................................................................................. 40 8.4. Key opportunities and avenues for cooperation ....................................................................... 41 9. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 44 References ............................................................................................................................................ VIII Appendices ......................................................................................................................................... XVII Appendix A: Mapping of Peruvian diaspora organisations in Germany ....................................... XVII Appendix B: Umbrella organisations ............................................................................................ XXVII Appendix C: Characteristics of interview respondents .................................................................. XXX Appendix D: Interview guide ......................................................................................................... XXXII Appendix E: Summary statistics Peru ......................................................................................... XXXVI Appendix F: Statistics ................................................................................................................... XXXIX List of Tables Table 1: Set of Research questions ......................................................................................................... 2 Table 2: Top 10 destination countries for Peruvian emigrants, 2017 .................................................. 11 Table 3: Peruvian population in Germany - Census versus AZR, 9 May 2011 ...................................... 13 Table 4: Institutions of Peruvian students in Germany, winter semester 2016/2017 ........................ 17 Table 5: Fields of engagement of Peruvian diaspora organisations ..................................................... 23 Table 6: Overview of non-diasporic networks and umbrella organisations ........................................ 32 List of Figures Figure 1: Growth of the Peruvian population in Germany, 1967-2017 ............................................... 14 Figure 2: Geographical distribution of Peruvian citizens in Germany, 31 December 2017 ................. 15 Figure 3: Age groups among the Peruvian population in Germany, 31 December 2017 .................... 16 Figure 4: Growth of Peruvian diaspora organisations in Germany, 1983-2018 .................................. 22 Figure 5: Geographical distribution of Peruvian diaspora organisations in Germany ......................... 22 III List of abbreviations AZR Ausländerzentralregister Central Register of Foreign Nationals BAMF Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge Federal Office for Migration and Refugees BMBF Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMU Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety BMZ Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development BVA Bundesverwaltungsamt Federal Office of Administration CIM Centrum für International Migration und Entwicklung Centre for International Migration and Development CONCYTEC Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica National Council of Science, Technology, and Technological Innovation DAAD Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst German Academic Exchange Service DEG Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH German Investment Cooperation DFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft German Research Foundation DZHW Deutsches Zentrum für Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung German Centre for Research on Higher Education EMIX Emigrant Policies Index EU European Union EUR Euro EZ Entwicklungszusammenarbeit Development cooperation GDP Gross Domestic Product GTAI Germany Trade & Invest GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH German Development Cooperation GNI Gross National Income INGO International non-governmental organisation OIM/IOM Organización Internacional para las Migraciones International Organisation for Migration INEI Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica National Institute for Statistics and Informatics IPMB Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biologie Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biology KAAK Kommission für Archäologie Außereuropäischer Kulturen IV German Archaeological Institute’s Commission for the Archaeology of Non- European Cultures KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau Reconstruction Credit Institute