FREE FROM THE GRACCHI TO NERO: A HISTORY OF ROME 133 BC TO AD 68 PDF H. H. Scullard | 448 pages | 31 Oct 2010 | Taylor & Francis Ltd | 9780415584883 | English | London, United Kingdom Gracchi - Wikipedia Reflection on the existing number of histories of Rome might well raise doubt about the desirability of adding to them. But since research does not stand still and its more assured results often take long to reach the handbook, there may be a place for a brief account of this period which lays no claim to originality of interpretation but which attempts to benefit from the work of recent years and to put the reader on the track of some of this for further study. I am conscious of the risks involved in trying to include much in small compass, but present-day production-costs suggest that an author owes a debt of reasonable brevity to From the Gracchi to Nero: A History of Rome 133 BC to AD 68 publisher and reader. If some of my younger readers should feel that this book might profitably have been still shorter, I can only assure them that I have tried to be ever mindful of a phrase of Cicero: 'ut brevissime potui'. The purpose of the Notes that I have included is manifold. I hope that they may help to temper the dogmatism inevitable in a book of this kind, to give some indication of the sources and of some of the problems that they raise, to afford the slightly more advanced student a few hints about where to seek further information, and by no means least to give some clues to the immense obligations that I owe to modern writers. As this debt is very wide, I cannot define it in detail here, but I would mention in particular both the individual contributors to volumes IX and X of Cambridge Ancient Historyand the work of my friend, the late Professor M. Cary whose generous help and wise advice in the field of ancient history I have enjoyed for over thirty years. I am greatly endebted also to another friend and colleague, Professor A. Momigliano, for his kindness in reading through the typescript of this book and for his helpful suggestions: it is hardly necessary to add the time-honoured note that this kindness does not involve any suggestion of his concurrence with any of the views expressed in it or responsibility for any of its shortcomings. An unknown error has occurred. Please click the button below to reload the page. If the problem persists, please try again in a little while. No cover image. Read preview. Excerpt From the Gracchi to Nero: A History of Rome 133 BC to AD 68 on the existing number of histories of Rome might well raise doubt about the desirability of adding to them. January Common types of primary sources include works of literature, historical documents, original philosophical writings, and religious texts. Read preview Overview. A History of Rome to A. D By Arthur E. Boak Macmillan, Read Overview. Bradley The Review of Metaphysics, Vol. We use cookies to deliver a better user experience and to show you ads based on your interests. By using our website, you agree to the use of cookies as described in our Privacy Policy. Tiberius Gemellus - Wikipedia Gemellus is a nickname meaning "the twin". His father and older cousins died, and are suspected by contemporary sources as having been systematically eliminated by the powerful praetorian prefect Sejanus. Their removal allowed Gemellus and Caligula to be named joint-heirs by Tiberius in 35, a decision that ultimately resulted in Caligula assuming power and having Gemellus killed or forced to kill himself in late 37 or early His paternal grandparents were emperor Tiberius and his wife, Vipsania Agrippinawith his maternal grandparents being general Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia Minor. As a member of the Julio-Claudian dynastyGemellus was a close relative of all five Julio-Claudian emperors. On his father's side, he was the grandson of emperor Tiberius, and his adoptive great-grandfather was the founder of the Roman Empire, Augustus. On his mother's side, he was the nephew of Claudiusthe maternal uncle of Neroand the cousin of Caligula. In the spring of 22, his father Drusus received tribunicia potestas tribunician power from the Senate, a clear sign that Drusus was Tiberius' heir. In the account of TacitusSejanus began plotting against Drusus to secure his position. According to Cassius Dio and Tacitus, his father was poisoned by his wife Livilla at the behest of Sejanus. The exact cause of the feud is unknown. His father's death not only devastated Tiberius but also challenged the future of the principate. Tiberius still trusted Sejanus and had no suspicion. Since Gemellus was too young, Tiberius adopted his grandchildren by Germanicus, Nero and Drususand recommended them to the Senate. By 26, the emperor had withdrawn from politics altogether and moved to Caprileaving the From the Gracchi to Nero: A History of Rome 133 BC to AD 68 of the empire to Sejanus who then began eliminating other members of the imperial family. Germanicus' son Drusus was imprisoned within the dungeon under the Imperial palace on the Palatine Hillwhere he starved to death not long after. Nero died in exile in Suetonius says Tiberius promoted the rise of Sejanus to secure the succession of Gemellus, his natural grandson, at the expense of Germanicus' sons Nero and From the Gracchi to Nero: A History of Rome 133 BC to AD 68. Sejanus remained powerful until his sudden downfall and summary execution in October 31, the exact reasons for which remain unclear. According to Cassius Dio, she left a message for the emperor: his son had been murdered by his wife Livilla and her lover, Sejanus. The story should be read with caution. Levick says that Sejanus must have murdered Drusus in self-defense because only Tiberius stood between the Praetorian Prefect and the end of his career at the hands of Drusus. Furthermore, he says it is even less likely that Livilla would have been complicit in the destruction of her family, the key to her children's future. Levick dismisses the accusation of Apicata as the revenge of a woman whose husband left her for another. The deaths of his cousins elevated Gemellus and his older cousin Gaius Caesar Caligula. As there was no formal mechanism for succession, the only legal way he could promote an heir who was too young to share the political powers of emperor was to bequeath his estate upon which much of the Roman state had come to depend. According to Suetonius, Tiberius had suspicions of Gaius but he detested Gemellus as he believed him to be the result of an adulterous affair by his mother. Gemellus' young age was another factor in the advancement of Caligula, who was made quaestor in The two were summoned by Tiberius to Capri in 35 where they were made joint-heirs to his estates. Tiberius died on 16 March 37, and Caligula became Emperor. He From the Gracchi to Nero: A History of Rome 133 BC to AD 68 this with the aid of Praetorian prefect Macro and the consuls of 37 who agreed to nullify Tiberius' will, thereby allowing him to inherit all of the estates which otherwise would have been divided From the Gracchi to Nero: A History of Rome 133 BC to AD 68 Gemellus. This would explain why he had not yet received the toga of manhood. It is possible that his adoption meant an official recognition and acceptance as Caligula's heir. Philo saw this as a ploy to put Gemellus under Caligula's patria potestas power of a fatherand perhaps to convince the Senate to go along with nullifying Tiberius' will. Following an illness suffered by Caligula, Gemellus was put to death in late 37 or early Cassius Dio places his death and that of Caligula's father-in- law Marcus Junius Silanus in the events of late Their replacements in the Arval Brethren were not found until 24 May He goes on to explain that Gemellus waited for a chance to benefit from Caligula's illness. He was ordered by Caligula to commit suicide for which soldiers gave him a sword, and had to help him because he is said to have not known how to kill himself with it. Dio notes that Gemellus was charged with praying for and anticipating Caligula's death. He suggests that Caligula viewed anything Gemellus did in his name with paranoia, although Gemellus' only named supporter to the extent that he should co-rule with Caligula was Aulus Avilius Flaccusthe prefect of Egypt. No mention of his death was made by Caligula to the Senate and Gemellus' stone makes no mention of his adoptive relation to the emperor. It reads: [31]. Gemellus is played by Douglas Melbourne in the episode "Zeus, by Jove! From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For his grandfather also named Tiberius Julius Caesar, see Tiberius. Ancestors of Tiberius Gemellus Drusus Claudius Nero I 8. Tiberius Claudius Nero Claudia 4. Tiberius Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus 9. Livia Drusilla Alfidia 2. Drusus Julius Caesar Lucius Vipsanius Agrippa Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa 5. Vipsania Agrippina Titus Pomponius Atticus Caecilia Attica Caecilia Pilia 1. Tiberius Julius Caesar Nero Gemellus Drusus Claudius Nero I Claudia 6. Nero Claudius Drusus Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus Alfidia 3. Livilla Marcus Antonius Creticus Mark Antony Julia 7. Antonia Minor Gaius Octavius Octavia Minor Atia Balba Caesonia. Julio-Claudian dynasty. Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Good articles All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from September Namespaces Article Talk.