Popular Culture Collection- Comic Books and Publications Special Collections Department Contact Information: Special Collections Department Axinn Library, Room 032 123 Hofstra University Hempstead, NY 11549 Phone: (516) 463-6411, or 463-6404 Fax: (516) 463-6442 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.hofstra.edu/Libraries/SpecialCollections Compiled By: Dan Graves Updated By: Christian Carboy Box list by Caroline Rehnstedt Date Updated: 5/9/18 Popular Culture Collection The term “popular culture” evades easy definition. For some, it is any aspect of culture that is aimed at and appreciated by a large segment of a society. Some conceive of it as inherently unsophisticated, standing in opposition to higher forms of culture. Others consider it to be necessarily commercialized, and primarily existent to make money. Some have even referred to it as culture which reflects the genuine concerns and ideas of the general public. It is often associated with members of the lower classes, and its manifestations tend to be mass- produced. This collection specializes in items such as comic books, graphic novels, and science fiction, while also housing tabloid newspapers, cult magazines, realia, and more. Comic Books, 1964-current Pinpointing the precise origin of the comic book would prove a difficult task. Given the ambiguous definition of the medium (typically defined as a form of storytelling characterized by sequential images, often accompanied with text), precedents can be found throughout history. Examples of such include newspaper comic strips. However, the modern comic book is said to have begun in the United States in the early 1930s. From here, and especially following the success of Superman, first introduced in 1938, the medium has exploded in popularity and notable works have been published in Japan and Europe. Though the medium showcases a wide variety of genres, including science fiction, horror, westerns, romance, humor, memoir, avant-garde works, and even pornography, the genre most frequently associated with comic books is superheroes. Excluding a period from the late 1940s continuing throughout the ‘50s, in which superhero comics declined in popularity and many of the aforementioned genres flourished, superheroes have maintained their dominance in the medium. They have become an institution of American popular culture and provide a framework by which artists and authors express themselves, and fans can understand and connect with such expressions. Such comics vary from campy to dark, and have ranged widely regarding their moral, philosophical, and emotional sophistication, but the fact remains that something about these costumed heroes has strongly resonated with comic fans. They give us a standard to aspire towards, but at the same time serve as a reminder that even the most powerful individuals have their weaknesses. Even Superman suffers from kryptonite. Detective Stories, 1875-1938 Detective stories are defined by an emphasis on an investigative individual or collective, often attempting to unravel the details of a puzzling crime. Detectives and characters of a similarly interrogative temperament have appeared in fiction throughout recorded civilization, but the genre is generally considered to have formally been established around the mid-19th century, with the works of Edgar Allan Poe, particularly The Murders in the Rue Morgue (1841). Since its inception as a genre, Detective stories, typically grouped together with the highly related Mystery and Crime fiction, have remained one of the best-selling genres in literature. Detective character archetypes include cynical loners, genius amateurs, and even formally-employed officers of the law merely providing a public service, but they are unified by a focus on the utilization of their mental faculties in an attempt to solve a crime. The popularity of such stories demonstrate the public fascination with pathological behavior and its typically punitive consequences, as well as an appreciation for problem-solving that involves reason and investigation rather than physical force. Audiences are fascinated by criminal activity, and yet take comfort in seeing it both outsmarted and punished. Science Fiction, 1899-2007 Science Fiction is a genre characterized by its speculation on matters such as science, technology, and the future. The genre is considered to have been codified by the early 20th century, but numerous examples of precursors can be found in the preceding centuries, such as Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818) or Thomas More’s Utopia (1516). Much of early 20th century Science Fiction was aimed at an adolescent demographic, but as the years passed, the genre expanded to embrace more mature themes and audiences, while still allowing for more juvenile works to be published. Science Fiction literature has penetrated mass consciousness and become a mainstay of popular culture. Some of the most recognizable properties of our time fall within the genre’s boundaries. As with all genres, there is a significant degree of variety with regard to tone and style in Science Fiction. Some works primarily focus on exploration of scientific concepts, while others merely use science as a vehicle to examine social issues. Some works take a profoundly optimistic view of humanity’s future, while others offer bleak and harrowing dystopias. Regardless of such diversity, works under this banner are unified by their aforementioned speculative content. Though the conclusions drawn by them can differ vastly, the simple fact that they muse on issues of science, technology, and the future, and that the public is so receptive to these musings, indicates an intense concern with them. Science Fiction allows readers to confront these issues, and reveals their feelings and anxieties towards them. Fantasy Fiction, 1966-1976 Fantasy Fiction can be understood as a parallel to Science Fiction. Both genres are speculative in nature, but where Science Fiction is concerned with imaginative forms of science and technology, Fantasy extends beyond that reach and embraces magic and the supernatural. The genre naturally has significant crossover with Science Fiction with regard to the fictional devices explored in such works, authors working within the genres, and fandom. Fantasy has its precedents in works of mythology and folklore, which extend back to the beginnings of recorded history. By the 19th century, Fantasy as it is recognized today, was consolidated as a genre largely from the works of George Macdonald (1824-1905). Some of the most popular works of our times fall within the parameters of this genre. Such works can be grand in scale, taking place in elaborate magical worlds filled with wizards and mages, or can be relatively understated, set in a world generally akin to our own but with a few supernatural elements. Fantasy demonstrates the human fascination with what is unknown and unexplainable by conventional methods, as well as a yearning for something beyond the quotidian. Whether it be resplendent and medieval, or just divergent enough from reality to be noticeable, Fantasy provides viewers with a world other than their own to explore. Tarzan, 1914-1936 One of the most iconic figures of American popular culture is Tarzan. First published by Edgar Rice Burroughs in Tarzan of the Apes (1912), Tarzan has become one of the most enduring figures of our cultural landscape, appearing in numerous novels, films, and comics, and continuing to be relevant after the death of Burroughs. Tarzan is a feral child, brought up in the jungles of Africa. Burroughs, informed by the literary traditions preceding him, was heavily inspired by Rudyard Kipling’s Mowgli of The Jungle Book (1894), and also referenced writers of antiquity such as Homer and Ovid in these stories. The primitivism embedded in the tales of Tarzan depict a lifestyle in which virtue and heroism can be found away from civilization, which audiences, perhaps frustrated with the perceived limits of human society, found appealing. Westerns, 1902-1974 The Western is largely characterized by its setting in the American Frontier of the 19th century (though occasionally different regions and eras are utilized), and its character archetypes, including cowboys, Native Americans, bandits, and lawmen. The genre emerged in the very early 20th century, and maintained an upward trajectory of popularity for decades before largely falling out of favor with the public by the 1970s, though certain works since then have managed to breach public consciousness. This particular collection primarily showcases early 20th century examples of the genre. The Western exhibits many tropes which help explain its popularity with audiences for so long. Many of these works demonstrate mankind’s desire to surmount nature, often represented by arid landscapes, evil bandits, or ruthless Native Americans, devoid of what viewers deemed civilization. Westerns also commonly featured lone male heroes with a strong sense of honor, tackling and overcoming their obstacles, which reinforced ideas of law and order, morality, masculinity, and individualism. It is interesting to note that shortly after the genre reached its subversive heights, becoming increasingly critical of the values it once espoused, and became more of an international phenomenon, it began to decline in popularity. Manga Though thoroughly products of Japanese culture, Anime and Manga have found tremendous success among American audiences. Quite simply, Anime is defined as animated works of Japanese origin, and Manga is