Cancer in Australia 2017 presents the latest available CANCER IN AUSTRALIA information on national population screening programs, Medicare data, cancer incidence, hospitalisations, survival, prevalence, mortality and burden of disease. Cancer is the leading cause of disease burden in Australia. For all cancers combined, the incidence rate increased from 383 per 100,000 persons in 1982 to 504 per 100,000 in 2008, before an expected decrease to 470 per 100,000 in 2017. During the same period, the mortality rate decreased from 209 per 100,000 in 1982 to 161 per 100,000 in 2017. Cancer survival has improved over time. It is estimated that the most commonly diagnosed cancers in Australia in 2017 will be breast cancer in females, followed by colorectal cancer and prostate cancer (excluding basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, as 2017 these cancers are not notifiable diseases in Australia). IN AUSTRALIA 2017 AIHW Australasian Association of Cancer Registries CANCER SERIES Number 101 Cancer in Australia 2017 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Canberra Cat. no. CAN 100 The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare is a major national agency that provides reliable, regular and relevant information and statistics on Australia’s health and welfare. The Institute’s purpose is to provide authoritative information and statistics to promote better health and wellbeing among Australians. © Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2017 This product, excluding the AIHW logo, Commonwealth Coat of Arms and any material owned by a third party or protected by a trademark, has been released under a Creative Commons BY 3.0 (CC-BY 3.0) licence. Excluded material owned by third parties may include, for example, design and layout, images obtained under licence from third parties and signatures. We have made all reasonable efforts to identify and label material owned by third parties. You may distribute, remix and build upon this work. However, you must attribute the AIHW as the copyright holder of the work in compliance with our attribution policy available at <www.aihw.gov.au/copyright/>. The full terms and conditions of this licence are available at <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/>. This publication is part of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare’s Cancer series. A complete list of the Institute’s publications is available from the Institute’s website <www.aihw.gov.au>. ISSN 2205-4855 (PDF) ISSN 1039-3307 (Print) ISBN 978-1-76054-075-3 (PDF) ISBN 978-1-76054-076-0 (Print) Suggested citation Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2017. Cancer in Australia 2017. Cancer series no.101. Cat. no. CAN 100. Canberra: AIHW. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Board Chair Director Mrs Louise Markus Mr Barry Sandison Any enquiries relating to copyright or comments on this publication should be directed to: Digital and Media Communications Unit Australian Institute of Health and Welfare GPO Box 570 Canberra ACT 2601 Tel: (02) 6244 1000 Email: [email protected] Published by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare This publication is printed in accordance with ISO 14001 (Environmental Management Systems) and ISO 9001 (Quality Management Systems). The paper is sourced from sustainably managed certified forests. Please note that there is the potential for minor revisions of data in this report. Please check the online version at <www.aihw.gov.au> for any amendments. Contents Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................................. vi Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................... vii Symbols ............................................................................................................................................. viii Summary .............................................................................................................................................. ix Data at a glance ..................................................................................................................................... x 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Data sources ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Risk factors for cancer ............................................................................................................ 3 Section one: an overview .................................................................................................................... 8 2 Surveillance and early detection................................................................................................ 9 2.1 Population-based cancer screening ...................................................................................... 9 2.2 Medicare-subsidised surveillance, detection and monitoring tests ............................... 12 3 Number of new cases ................................................................................................................. 17 3.1 All cancers combined............................................................................................................ 17 3.2 Most commonly diagnosed cancers ................................................................................... 20 3.3 In situ tumours ...................................................................................................................... 24 4 Treatment ..................................................................................................................................... 29 4.1 Hospitalisations for all cancers combined ......................................................................... 30 4.2 Hospitalisations for principal diagnosis of cancer ........................................................... 32 4.3 Hospitalisations for chemotherapy .................................................................................... 33 4.4 Radiotherapy for cancer ....................................................................................................... 35 4.5 Hospitalisations for palliative care for cancer ................................................................... 38 5 Survival and survivorship after a cancer diagnosis ............................................................. 40 5.1 Survival ................................................................................................................................... 40 5.2 Survivorship population ...................................................................................................... 50 6 Number of deaths ....................................................................................................................... 53 6.1 All cancers combined............................................................................................................ 53 6.2 Most common causes of death from cancer ...................................................................... 57 7 Burden of disease........................................................................................................................ 62 7.1 All cancers combined............................................................................................................ 62 7.2 Cancer type ............................................................................................................................ 63 iii 8 Key population groups .............................................................................................................. 66 8.1 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people ................................................................... 67 8.2 State and territory ................................................................................................................. 69 8.3 Remoteness area .................................................................................................................... 71 8.4 Socioeconomic group............................................................................................................ 72 Section two: Selected cancers ........................................................................................................... 75 9 Summary pages for selected cancers ....................................................................................... 76 All cancers combined (C00–C97, D45, D46, D47.1, D47.3–D47.5) ......................................... 76 Acute myeloid leukaemia (C92.0, C92.3–C92.6, C92.8, C93.0, C94.0, C94.2, C94.4–C94.5) ................................................................................................................................. 78 Anal cancer (C21) ......................................................................................................................... 80 Bladder cancer (C67) ................................................................................................................... 82 Brain cancer (C71) ........................................................................................................................ 84 Breast cancer (C50) ...................................................................................................................... 86 Cervical cancer (C53) ..................................................................................................................