NKVD/KGB Activities and its Cooperation with other Secret Services in Central and Eastern Europe 1945 – 1989 Anthology of the international conference Bratislava 14. – 16. 11. 2007 Edited by Alexandra Grúňová NATION´S MEMORY INSTITUTE BRATISLAVA 2008 Anthology was published with kind support of The International Visegrad Fund. Visegrad Fund NKVD/KGB Activities and its Cooperation with other Secret Services in Central and Eastern Europe 1945 – 1989 Anthology of the international conference 14 – 16 November, 2007, Bratislava, Slovakia Edited by Alexandra Grúňová Published by Nation´s Memory Institute Nám. SNP 28 810 00 Bratislava Slovakia www.upn.gov.sk 1st edition English language correction Anitra N. Van Prooyen Slovak/Czech language correction Alexandra Grúňová, Katarína Szabová Translation Jana Krajňáková et al. Cover design Peter Rendek Lay-out, typeseting, printing by Vydavateľstvo Michala Vaška © Nation´s Memory Institute 2008 ISBN 978-80-89335-05-3 5 Contents DECLARATION on a conference NKVD/KGB Activities and its Cooperation with other Secret Services in Central and Eastern Europe 1945 – 1989 .................................................................. 9 Conference opening František Mikloško ...................................................................................... 13 Jiří Liška ....................................................................................................... 15 Ivan A. Petranský ......................................................................................... 17 Panel I (14 November 2007) Security Archives as Sources of NKVD/KGB Activities Stefan Karner (Austria) – Panel moderator ................................................. 21 Ladislav Bukovszky (Slovakia): The Archive of the Nation´s Memory Institute in the Capacity of Resources for KGB Activities ............................ 24 Petr Blažek (Czechia) ................................................................................... 32 Gergö Bendegúz Cseh (Hungary): Documents of the Historical Archives .. 36 Nikita V. Petrov (Russia) .............................................................................. 41 Ralf Blum (Germany): References to the Soviet Secret Service in the Archives of the Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the Former GDR (BStU) ............................................................... 45 Panel II (14 November 2007) From Soviet Advisors in Satellite States to Soviet Security Schools János M. Rainer (Hungary) – Panel moderator ........................................... 53 Rafaeł Wnuk (Poland): Soviet Supporters of the Polish Communist Security Apparatus. The Role of NKVD in Fighting Against the Anti-Communist Underground in Poland (1944 – 1945) .......................................................... 54 Radek Schovánek (Czechia): Soviet Ears in Communist Prague ................ 73 Ladislau – Antoniu Csendes (Romania): NKVD/ KGB Approaches and Party Control in Romanian Secret Services and Army between 1948 – 1964 ..................................................................................... 79 6 Magdolna Baráth (Hungary): Soviet Counsellors at the Hungarian State Security Organs .............................................................................................. 87 Jan Kalous (Czechia): Štěpán Plaček – His Vision for the Czechoslovak Security and the Soviet Intelligence Service Agents (1945 – 1948) – the Arrival of Soviet Advisors into Czechoslovakia – Background and Circumstances ....................................................................................... 100 Panel III (15 November 2007) Central and Eastern Europe as a Base for Espionage against the West Petr Kopal (Czechia) – Panel moderator .................................................... 121 Christopher Adam (Canada): Eyes across the Atlantic – Hungary’s State Security and Canada’s Hungarians, 1956 – 1989 ........................................ 122 Arvydas Anušauskas (Lithuania): Economic Restructuring Period (Perestroika) and Technological Intelligence. The Lithuanian Factor ......... 142 Stefano Bottoni (Italy): A Special Relationship. Hungarian Intelligence and the Vatican, 1961 – 1978 ....................................................................... 147 Andrzej Grajewski (Poland): Security Services of the Polish People’s Republic against the Vatican in 1956 – 1978 ................................................ 177 Sławomir Łukasiewicz (Poland): Polish Communist Intelligence Service against the European Economic Community (EEC) ................................... 198 Walter Süß (Germany): KBSE as Seen by State Security of the German Democratic Republic in the 70s ................................................................... 210 Peter Rendek (Slovakia): Operation ALAN – Mutual Cooperation of the Czechoslovak Intelligence Service and the Soviet KGB as Given in One of the Largest Leakage Cases of NATO Security Data in the Years 1982 – 1986 .............................................................................. 223 Panel IV (15 November 2007) NKVD/KGB´s Co-operation with Satellite State Security Services Władysław Bułhak (Poland) – Panel moderator ........................................ 247 László Ritter (Hungary): The Soviet – Hungarian Intelligence Co-operation in the Early Cold War Period (abstract) ....................................................... 248 Petr Blažek (Czechia): Residency of the Federal Ministry of the Interior in the Soviet Union. Position, Activities and Staffing in 1989 .................... 250 7 Prokop Tomek (Czechia): SOUD and its Utilization in Czechoslovak Conditions .................................................................................................... 275 Bernd-Rainer Barth (Germany): Noel Field Affair (abstract) ................... 286 Georg Herbstritt (Germany): Refused Cooperation: The Relation Stasi – Securitate and Romania’s Aspirations to Independence .................. 287 Panel V (16 November 2007) NKVD/KGB Activities in Occupied East Germany and Austria Roger Engelmann (Germany) – Panel moderator ...................................... 301 Jörg Morré (Germany): The Creation of a Hostile Picture. Arrests Made by the NKVD as an Example Set to Carry Out Political Police Operations in the Soviet Occupation Zone – GDR ...................................... 302 Barbara Stelzl–Marx (Austria): Soviet Espionage in Austria. Arrests, Sentences and Executions in 1950 – 1953 ................................................... 316 Dieter Bacher (Austria): Communist „Intelligence Internationale”? Contacts Between KGB and the KPÖ at the Beginning of the Cold War .... 335 Jan Foitzik (Germany) – Nikita V. Petrov (Russia): The Soviet Security Apparatus in the Soviet Occupation Zone of the GDR (1945 – 1953). Structure, Tasks, and Cooperation with the East-Germany Authorities ....... 350 Panel VI (16 November 2007) Final conclusions Miroslav Lehký (Czechia) .......................................................................... 377 Walter Süß (Germany) ................................................................................ 381 Nikita V. Petrov (Russia) ............................................................................ 383 Łukasz Kamiński (Poland) ......................................................................... 384 An accompanying events of the conference Radoslav Ragač, Ondrej Krajňák ............................................................ 386 Information about Conference Partners and Donors ................................... 395 Afterword Alexandra Grúňová ................................................................................... 402 9 DECLARATION on a conference NKVD/KGB ACTIVITIES AND ITS COOPERATION WITH OTHER SECRET SERVICES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE 1945 – 1989 Our common awareness of the importance of dealing with the communist dictatorship – on the one hand, in the context of the number of victims of com­ munism, and, on the other hand, as a warning for the present and the future – brings us to joint efforts for cooperation. Fully dealing with communism over­ runs the possibilities of every individual former communist state. The aims that arise out of communism’s ideology were global – infiltration, subversion, and domination of the free and democratic parts of the world. Communist states’ intelligence services, first and foremost the Soviet KGB, played a signifi cant role in meeting this target. The aforementioned founded, dominated, and man­ aged the intelligence services of the communist bloc states, following its own role model. Unfortunately, 17 years after the fall of communism, the former Soviet archives are still inaccessible in contemporary Russia. But to understand the events in present-day Russia and the situation in Central and Eastern Europe, it is necessary to analyze communism in the leading communist power, the former Soviet Union. We are led by the common aim to shed light on the whole truth about communism. On the basis of the sources that are now at our disposal after long efforts, we have arranged to realize an international conference about „NKVD/KGB Activities and its Cooperation with other Secret Services in Central and Eastern Europe 1945 – 1989“ for a scholarly public, from 14 to 16 November 2007 in Bratislava, Slovak Republic. This conference represents the next step in our cooperation and the fi rst step in arranging common enterprises in connection with the aforementioned topic. In accordance with the resolution of the Parliamentary