PUBLIC HEALTH FOR MASS GATHERINGS: KEY CONSIDERATIONS WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Public health for mass gatherings: key considerations / edited by Endericks, T … [et al]. 1.Crowding. 2.Mass Behaviour. 3.Disease Outbreaks. 4.Disaster Planning. 5.Security Measures. I.Endericks, T. II.McCloskey B. III.Barbeschi, M. IV.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 156493 9 (NLM classification: HM 871) ISBN 978 92 4 069438 5 (PDF) © World Health Organization 2015 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO website (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). 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Printed in France 2 Contents Acknowledgements Introduction SECTION 1: Chapter 1: Mass Gatherings: Contextual issues and risk assessments Key Considerations Introduction Guiding principles and best practice Risk assessments - Practical suggestions and implications Tools and resources Chapter 2: Legacy and Evaluation Key Considerations Introduction Guiding principles and best practice Practical suggestions and implications SECTION 2: Chapter 3: International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR) Key Considerations Introduction Summary of IHR (2005) Tools and resources Chapter 4: Working with partners and stakeholders Key Considerations Introduction Guiding principles and best practice Practical suggestions and implications Chapter 5: Command, control & communication (C3) Key Considerations Introduction Guiding principles and best practice Practical suggestions and implications Chapter 6: Testing & exercising Key Considerations Introduction Guiding principles and best practice Practical suggestions and implications Tools and resources 3 Chapter 7: Risk and crisis communication Key Considerations Introduction Guiding principles and best practice Practical suggestions and implications Chapter 8: Health promotion and public information Section A: Health Promotion - Introduction - Guiding principles and best practice Section B: Public information - Introduction - Guiding principles and best practice Section C: Health promotion and public information - Practical suggestions and implications Tools and resources Chapter 9: Disease surveillance and outbreak response Key Considerations Introduction Guiding principles and best practice Practical suggestions and implications Tools and resources Chapter 10: Preventing and controlling infection Key Considerations Introduction Guiding principles and best practice Practical suggestions and implications Tools and resources Chapter 11: Environmental health considerations Key Considerations Introduction Guiding principles and best practice Practical suggestions and implications Tools and resources Chapter 12: Protection of food and water Key Considerations Introduction Guiding principles and best practice Practical suggestions and implications Tools and resources 4 Chapter 13: Event medical services Key Considerations Introduction Guiding principles and best practice Practical suggestions and implications Tools and resources Chapter 14: Disasters preparedness and contingency planning Key Considerations Introduction Guiding principles and best practice Practical suggestions and implications Tools and resources Chapter 15: Chemical, Biological and Radionuclear risks to public health Key Considerations Introduction Guiding principles and best practice Practical suggestions and implications Tools and resources Chapter 16: Psychosocial considerations Key Considerations Introduction Guiding principles and best practice Practical suggestions and implications Chapter 17: Use of modern technologies in mass gathering planning and operations Key Considerations Introduction Guiding principles and best practice Practical suggestions and implications Tools and resources Chapter 18: Considerations for particular contexts and further research Low resource settings Medium sized and smaller MGs Unplanned MGs Future research for consideration Tools and resources Further reading Glossary, acronyms and abbreviations 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document has been produced as a Mass Gatherings and High Visibility / High collaborative project across the network Consequence Events). of WHO Collaborating Centres for Mass Gatherings with experts from across the The steering group and chapter leads WHO Virtual Interdisciplinary Advisory were chosen in order to cover the range of Group (VIAG). The work was led by Maurizio specializations included in the document, Barbeschi (World Health Organization, and because of their experience in planning Geneva) and Tina Endericks (Public Health for and participating in public health at MGs. England WHO Collaborating Centre on Steering group members Brian McCloskey (Public Health England), Lucille Blumberg (National Institute for Communicable Disease, South Africa), Tina Endericks (Public Health England), Andy Stergachis (School of Global Health, University of Washington), Maurizio Barbeschi (World Health Organization, Geneva), Paul Arbon (Centre for Disaster Medicine, Flinders University), Vladimir Petrovic (Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina), WHO Collaborating Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia). Editorial Team Public Health England Tina Endericks, Brian McCloskey, Eric Vincent, Ana Llamas, Susie Berns. World Health Organization Maurizio Barbeschi, Nicolas Isla, Mark Nunn. The editors acknowledge with grateful thanks the indispensable contributions of numerous other colleagues within and outside of the World Health Organization who are too numerous to mention by name, without whom the document would never have been produced. If you wish to provide feedback on this document please contact [email protected] 6 Authors and Peer Reviewers Chapter 1: Contextual issues and risk assessments Authors: Nicolas Isla (World Health Organization, Geneva), Tina Endericks (Public Health England), Maurizio Barbeschi (World Health Organization, Geneva) Chapter 2: Legacy and Evaluation Author: Tina Endericks (Public Health England) Peer reviewers: Ricardo Mexia (National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Portugal), Michael Loehr (Public Health Seattle and King County), Nicolas Isla (World Health Organization, Geneva) Chapter 3: International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR) Author: Maurizio Barbeschi (World Health Organization, Geneva), Nicolas Isla (World Health Organization, Geneva) Chapter 4: Working with partners and stakeholders Author: Tina Endericks (Public Health England) Peer reviewers: Xiaozhen Zhen (World Health Organization), Paul Arbon (Centre for Disaster Medicine, Flinders University), Nicolas Isla (World Health Organization, Geneva) Chapter 5: Command, control and communication (C3) Author: Aileen Marty (Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine) Peer reviewers: Vladimir Petrovic (Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina), Peter Fuhri (Ministry of Health, South Africa), Walter Gaber (Fraport AG Frankfurt Airport Services Worldwide), Tina Endericks (Public Health England) Chapter 6: Testing and exercising Author: Tina Endericks (Public Health England) Peer reviewers: Xiaozhen Zhen (World Health Organization), John Simpson (Public Health England) Chapter 7: Risk and crisis communications Authors: Petra Dickmann (Dickmann Risk Communication - DRC), Franklin Apfel (World Health Communication Associates Ltd) Peer reviewers: Aileen Marty (Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine), Xiaozhen Zhen (World Health Organization), Gaya Gamhewage (World Health Organization) Chapter 8: Public information and health promotion Authors: Helen Harrison (Surrey County Council), Emma Gilgunn-Jones (Public Health England) Peer reviewers: Alison Hutton (Centre for Disaster Medicine, Flinders University), Konstantinas Kononovas (University College London) Chapter 9: Disease surveillance and outbreak response Authors: Stephanie Davis (Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University), Stephanie Williams (Centre for Epidemiology and population Health, Australian National University),