MONITORING AND MODELLING THE SHORELINE Isle of Wight Council Province of Ragusa August 2006 MESSINA Practical Guide Monitoring and Modelling the Shoreline TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................1 1.1 The Purpose of Monitoring and Modelling Techniques...... 1 CASE-STUDY N°1: Bournemouth Case Study – an example of a long-term local- specific approach to coastal monitoring. ........................................................................ 2 Introduction................................................................................................................. 2 Geographical Outline.................................................................................................. 2 Past and present monitoring techniques...................................................................... 3 Data Collection and Analysis...................................................................................... 8 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 11 1.2 Outline of Monitoring and Modelling Techniques............ 12 1.3 An Overview of Techniques used throughout the World.15 Monitoring Methods ..................................................................................................... 15 CASE-STUDY N°2: Dubai Case Study – An example of an International programme on Coastal Monitoring. ................................................................................................. 17 Geographical Outline................................................................................................ 18 Coastal Zone Monitoring .......................................................................................... 19 Bathymetric and Topographic Surveys..................................................................... 19 Nearshore Wave Measurements ............................................................................... 20 Video Monitoring...................................................................................................... 21 Meteorological Data.................................................................................................. 22 Sediment Sampling ................................................................................................... 23 Coastal Monitoring of the Jumeirah Open Beaches ..................................................... 23 Coastal Monitoring of the Palm Island Area ............................................................ 25 Data Analysis and Dissemintation............................................................................ 27 Conclusions............................................................................................................... 28 1.5.1 Modelling Techniques .................................................................................. 28 2 MONITORING TECHNIQUES.....................................................................32 2.1 Airborne/space borne Techniques ................................. 32 2.2 Space-Borne Techniques ................................................ 32 Moderate Resolution Satellite Imaging ........................................................................ 32 2.2.2.3 Basic Principles......................................................................................... 32 Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) ................................................... 33 Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper (Landsat TM/ETM+) .................................................................................................... 33 High Resolution Satellite Imaging................................................................................ 34 2.2.2.4 SPOT (Systeme Pour l'Observation de la Terre) ...................................... 34 - i - MESSINA Practical Guide Monitoring and Modelling the Shoreline 2.2.2.5 QuickBird.................................................................................................. 35 2.2.2.6 IKONOS ................................................................................................... 35 Budgeting Monitoring Schemes ................................................................................... 36 Limitations .................................................................................................................... 37 Advantages.................................................................................................................... 38 2.3 Airborne Techniques ...................................................... 39 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR or InSAR)...................................... 39 2.3.2.1 Basic Principles......................................................................................... 39 2.3.2.2 Limitations ................................................................................................ 40 2.3.2.3 Advantages................................................................................................ 41 LiDAR........................................................................................................................... 42 2.3.2.4 Basic Principles......................................................................................... 42 2.3.2.5 Limitations ................................................................................................ 43 2.3.2.6 Advantages................................................................................................ 44 Airborne Multispectral Systems ................................................................................... 45 2.3.2.7 Limitations ................................................................................................ 45 2.3.2.8 Advantages................................................................................................ 46 Thermal Infrared Radiometer ....................................................................................... 46 2.3.2.9 Limitations ................................................................................................ 47 2.3.2.10 Advantages................................................................................................ 47 Hyperspectral Systems.................................................................................................. 48 2.3.2.11 Limitations ................................................................................................ 49 2.3.2.12 Advantages................................................................................................ 50 2.3.2.13 Budgeting Monitoring Schemes ............................................................... 51 Aerial Photography ....................................................................................................... 52 2.3.2.14 Limitations ................................................................................................ 53 2.3.2.15 Advantages................................................................................................ 54 2.3.2.16 Budgeting Monitoring Schemes ............................................................... 55 2.4 Ship-borne Techniques................................................... 56 Bathymetric Surveys with Admiralty charts................................................................. 56 2.4.2.1 Basic Principles......................................................................................... 56 2.4.2.2 Limitations ................................................................................................ 57 2.4.2.3 Advantages................................................................................................ 58 Sidescan and Multibeam sonar ..................................................................................... 59 2.4.2.4 Basic Principles......................................................................................... 59 2.4.2.5 Budgeting Monitoring Schemes ............................................................... 60 2.4.2.6 Limitations ................................................................................................ 61 2.4.2.7 Advantages................................................................................................ 62 Sub-bottom Profiling .................................................................................................... 62 2.4.2.8 Basic Principles......................................................................................... 62 2.4.2.9 Limitations ................................................................................................ 63 2.4.2.10 Advantages................................................................................................ 63 Acoustic Seafloor Classification Systems .................................................................... 64 2.4.2.11 Basic Principles......................................................................................... 64 2.4.2.12 Limitations ................................................................................................ 64 - ii - MESSINA Practical Guide Monitoring and Modelling the Shoreline 2.4.2.13 Advantages................................................................................................ 65 Waverider Buoys and Tide Gauges .............................................................................. 65 2.4.2.14 Budgeting Monitoring Schemes ..............................................................