REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, SPATIAL PLANNING AND ENERGY SLOVENIAN NUCLEAR SAFETY ADMINISTRATION Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Slovenia Annual Report 2001 SNSA/RP-055/2002 URSJV ŠTEVILKA: URSJV/DP-055/2002 ISSN ŠTEVILKA: ISSN 1580-0628 NASLOV: URSJV, Železna cesta 16, p.p. 5759, 1001 Ljubljana TELEFON: 386-1/472 11 00 TELEFAKS: 386-1/(472 11 99, 472 11 98, 472 11 97, 472 11 96) ELEKTRONSKI NASLOV: [email protected] SPLETNA STRAN URSJV: http://www.gov.si/ursjv 2 Chief editor Helena Janžekovič, Ph.D. Editorial board Milko Križman Ph.D., Marjan Levstek MSc., Maksimiljan Pečnik, Aleš Škraban, Djordje Vojnovič MSc. Project team Janez Češarek, Helena Janžekovič Ph.D., Davor Lovinčič MSc., Dragan Mitić MSc., Vladimir Peček, Petja Podkrajšek SNSA authors Michel Cindro, Milena Černilogar-Radež, Tatjana Frelih-Kovačič, Vojka A. Globokar, I. Grlicarev MSc., Aleš Janežič MSc., Darko Korošec MSc., Venceslav Kostadinov MSc., Laura Kristančič-Dešman, Polonca Mekicar, Artur Muehleisen Ph.D., Tomaž Nemec Ph.D., Jurij Obreza, Igor Osojnik, Andreja Peršič Ph.D., Matjaž Pristavec MSc., Maksimiljan Pečnik, Igor Sirc, Darja Slokan-Dušič, Barbara Vokal Ph.D., Leopold Vrankar MSc. HIRS authors Damijan Škrk Ph.D., Tomaž Šutej Ph.D. ACPDP authors Olga Andrejek, Bogdan Žmavc SNSA director Andrej Stritar, Ph.D. 3 4 CONTENTS Summary……………………………………………………………………………………...13 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 23 2 NUCLEAR SAFETY IN SLOVENIA......................................................................................... 25 1.1 THE KRŠKO NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ............................................................................. 25 2.1.1 Operational safety.............................................................................................................. 25 2.1.2 Safety assessments and licensing ....................................................................................... 48 2.1.3 Spent nuclear fuel .............................................................................................................. 53 2.1.4 Radioactive waste .............................................................................................................. 54 2.1.5 Radioactive releases from the Krško NNP in the environment ........................................ 57 2.1.6 The Krško NNP personnel exposure to radiation .............................................................. 63 2.1.7 Training ............................................................................................................................. 68 2.1.8 Inspections at the Krsko NPP ............................................................................................ 71 2.2 RESEARCH REACTOR TRIGA MARK II IN BRINJE........................................................... 76 2.2.1 Operational safety.............................................................................................................. 76 2.2.2 Radioactive waste .............................................................................................................. 77 2.2.3 Monitoring results.............................................................................................................. 77 2.2.4 Personnel exposure to radiation ........................................................................................ 77 2.2.5 Inspections ......................................................................................................................... 77 2.3 CENTRAL INTERIM STORAGE FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTE AT BRINJE..................... 78 2.3.1 Refurbishment of the storage ............................................................................................. 78 2.3.2 Radioactive waste .............................................................................................................. 79 2.3.3 Radioactive releases into the environment......................................................................... 80 2.3.4 Personnel exposure............................................................................................................ 80 2.3.5 Inspections at the ARAO and the Central Interim Storage for Radioactive Waste at Brinje 80 2.4 URANIUM MINE ŽIROVSKI VRH (RŽV) ............................................................................. 81 2.4.1 Activities for permanent cessation of exploitation of the uranium ore .............................. 81 2.4.2 Radioactive waste .............................................................................................................. 82 2.4.3 Position of the Slovenian Nuclear Safety Administration .................................................. 83 2.4.4 Radioactive releases into the environment......................................................................... 84 2.4.5 Exposure of workers to ionizing radiation......................................................................... 88 2.4.6 Inspections at the Žirovski vrh mine .................................................................................. 89 2.5 INSPECTION CONTROL ......................................................................................................... 90 3 RADIATION PROTECTION IN THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT........................................ 91 3.1 RADIATION EARLY WARNING SYSTEM........................................................................... 91 3.1.1 External radiation measurements ...................................................................................... 91 3.1.2 Automatic monitoring of aerosol radioactivity .................................................................. 96 3.1.3 Automatic measuring system of radon progeny concentrations......................................... 97 3.1.4 Radioactive deposition measurements ............................................................................... 97 3.1.5 Novelties in year 2001 ....................................................................................................... 98 3.2 GLOBAL RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN SLOVENIA IN 2001................................................................................................................................................ 98 3.2.1 Monitoring programme...................................................................................................... 98 3.2.2 Contractors ........................................................................................................................ 99 3.2.3 Measurement results .......................................................................................................... 99 3.2.4 Exposure due to global radioactive contamination ......................................................... 108 3.2.5 Conclusions...................................................................................................................... 108 3.3 RADIOACTIVITY MONITORING IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE KRŠKO NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ............................................................................................................................... 109 3.3.1 Scope................................................................................................................................ 109 3.3.2 Participating institutions .................................................................................................109 3.3.3 Results of monitoring ....................................................................................................... 109 3.3.4 Dose assesment................................................................................................................ 111 3.3.5 Conclusions...................................................................................................................... 115 3.4 RADIOACTIVITY MONITORING IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE TRIGA RESEARCH REACTOR ........................................................................................................................................ 115 5 3.4.1 Scope of monitoring ....................................................................................................... 115 3.4.2 Monitoring results............................................................................................................ 115 3.4.3 Exposure of the population .............................................................................................. 116 3.4.4 Conclusions...................................................................................................................... 116 3.5 RADIOACTIVITY MONITORING IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE CENTRAL RADIOACTIVE WASTE AT BRINJE ............................................................................................ 116 3.5.1 Scope of monitoring ......................................................................................................... 117 3.5.2 Monitoring results............................................................................................................ 117 3.5.3 Exposure of the population .............................................................................................. 117 3.5.4 Conclusions...................................................................................................................... 118 3.6 RADIOACTIVITY MONITORING IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE ŽIROVSKI VRH MINE................................................................................................................................................