Religion_FINAL_Layout 1 05/07/2016 12:02 PM Page 1 Extended Analysis of Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2014: Religion June 2016 l No. 1 Religion_FINAL_Layout 1 05/07/2016 12:02 PM Page 2 Religion_FINAL_Layout 1 05/07/2016 12:02 PM Page 3 Extended Analysis of Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2014: Religion June 2016 l No. 1 Religion_FINAL_Layout 1 05/07/2016 12:02 PM Page 4 Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical support provided by the MICS program and in particular the analytical support provided by the Chief of Social policy and Research, Samson Muradzikwa, The Zimbabwe National Statistics Office (ZIMSTAT) team, namely Taizivei Mungate, Evelyn Marima, Hendricks Chigiji, Lloyd Mahere, Lovemore Ziswa, Jacob Chitiyo, Tinashe Mwadiwa and Tidings Matangira (Team leaders in MICS 2014 in Zimbabwe) during extended analysis workshops in Zimbabwe in June 2016. The authors also thank Brian Hungwe, Ben Zwizwai and Rueben Musarandega for thorough content review during the paper writing process. Lead author: Dirk Westhof, Independent International Consultant, Bangkok, Thailand Corresponding authors: Rumbidza Tizora, United Nations Children’s Fund, Zimbabwe, E-mail: [email protected] Brian Maguranyanga, Independent National Consultant, Harare, Zimbabwe The MICS 2014 Extended Analysis series is based on further analysis of data collected in the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2014. The full versions of the papers with all the tables used in the analysis is available on the website of UNICEF Zimbabwe, www.unicef.org/zimbabwe. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNICEF or the governments of Sweden or Zimbabwe. Recommended citation: UNICEF Zimbabwe (2016) Extended Analysis of Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2014: Religion Harare: UNICEF Extended Analysis of MICS 2014: Religion Religion_FINAL_Layout 1 05/07/2016 12:02 PM Page 1 Table of Contents List of Tables...............................................................................................................................2 List of Figures.............................................................................................................................3 List of Abbreviations..................................................................................................................4 Section 1: Introduction ..............................................................................................................5 1.1 Background.......................................................................................................5 1.2 Religion, health and social inequities in Zimbabwe ..........................................5 1.3 Methodology .....................................................................................................6 Section 2: Results and discussions.........................................................................................7 2.1 Analysis Step 1: The context: size and location of religious groups .................7 2.1.1 Size of the various religious groups.......................................................7 2.1.2 Location of the various religious groups ................................................8 2.2 Religion and Wealth index quintiles ................................................................10 2.3 Religion and water and sanitation...................................................................10 2.4 Fertility.............................................................................................................11 2.5 Child mothers and Teenage marriage.............................................................12 2.6 Child health.....................................................................................................13 2.6.1 Vaccination, care seeking for fever and diarrhoea...............................13 2.6.2 Neonatal tetanus protection.................................................................14 2.6.3 Breastfeeding.......................................................................................15 2.7 Maternal health...............................................................................................15 2.7.1 Antenatal care......................................................................................15 2.7.2 Assistance during delivery...................................................................17 2.7.3 Post-natal health checks......................................................................17 2.8 Use of contraceptives .....................................................................................18 2.9 Outcome indicators.........................................................................................18 2.9.1 Under-five mortality..............................................................................18 2.9.2 Stunting................................................................................................19 2.10 Education........................................................................................................20 2.11 Birth registration..............................................................................................21 2.12 HIV knowledge and attitudes ..........................................................................21 2.13 Violence ..........................................................................................................22 2.13.1 Attitude towards domestic violence .....................................................22 2.13.2 Exposure to mass media .....................................................................22 2.14 Analysis Step 2: Religion within the same context..........................................23 2.14.1 Stunting................................................................................................23 2.14.2 Vaccination ..........................................................................................24 2.14.3 Delivery in a health facility ...................................................................24 2.15 Step 3: Results for Apostolic sect only............................................................25 Section 3: Conclusions and recommendations ....................................................................29 3.1 Recommendations..........................................................................................30 References ................................................................................................................................31 Annex.........................................................................................................................................32 1 Extended Analysis of MICS 2014: Religion Religion_FINAL_Layout 1 05/07/2016 12:02 PM Page 2 Table of Contents List of Tables Table 1: Proportion of religious groups in Zimbabwe, MICS 2014.............................................7 Table 2: Percent distribution of religion by wealth index quintiles, MICS 2014........................10 Table 3: Distribution of fertility by religion and wealth quintiles, MICS 2014............................12 Table 4: Vaccination and Care seeking for fever by religion, MICS 2014 ................................14 Table 5: ANC coverage by religion and wealth quintiles, MICS 2014......................................16 Table 6: Antenatal care visits by religion and wealth quintiles, MICS 2014.............................16 Table 7: Early childhood education, NAR Secondary and Literacy among young women by religion, MICS 2014...............................................................................................20 Table 8: Gender parity index for secondary school by religion, MICS 2014 ............................20 Table 9: Mother-child HIV knowledge and Accepting attitudes towards people with HIV by religion, MICS 2014...............................................................................................21 Table 10: Distribution of Exposure to mass media (women) by religion, MICS 2014 ................23 Table 11: Percentage of fully vaccinated children by religion and area, MICS 2014.................24 Table 12: Delivery in a health facility by religion, MICS 2014 ....................................................24 Table 13: Provincial data for Delivered in a health facility by religion, MICS 2014 ....................26 Table 14: Provincial data for Neonatal tetanus protection, MICS 2014 .....................................27 Table 15: Categories of indicators of importance by poverty and Apostolic sect, MICS 2014...28 2 Extended Analysis of MICS 2014: Religion Religion_FINAL_Layout 1 05/07/2016 12:02 PM Page 3 Table of Contents List of Figures Figure 1: Growth of the Apostolic sect according to ZDHS 1994, ZDHS 2005/6 and ZDHS 2010/11............................................................................................................8 Figure 2: Distribution of the Apostolic sect heads of households by provinces, MICS 2014 .................................................................................................................8 Figure 3: Distribution of the Roman Catholics, Protestants and Pentecostal heads of households by provinces, MICS 2014.........................................................9 Figure 4: Distribution of the Apostolic sect, Traditional and No religion heads of households by provinces, MICS 2014.........................................................9 Figure 5: Improved drinking water and sanitation by religion and wealth