Levels and trends of metals and nutrients Riverine inputs and direct discharges to 2452 Norwegian coastal waters – 2007 2008 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2007 (TA-2452/2008) 2 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2007 (TA-2452/2008) Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters – 2007 OSPAR Commission 3 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2007 (TA-2452/2008) 4 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2007 (TA-2452/2008) Norwegian Institute for Water Research – an institute in the Environmental Research Alliance of Norway REPORT Main Office Regional Office, Sørlandet Regional Office, Østlandet Regional Office, Vestlandet Regional Office Central Gaustadalléen 21 Televeien 3 Sandvikaveien 41 P.O.Box 2026 P.O.Box 1266 NO-0349 Oslo, Norway NO-4879 Grimstad, Norway NO-2312 Ottestad, Norway NO-5817 Bergen, Norway NO-7462 Trondheim Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Telefax (47) 22 18 52 00 Telefax (47) 37 04 45 13 Telefax (47) 62 57 66 53 Telefax (47) 55 23 24 95 Telefax (47) 73 54 63 87 Internet: www.niva.no Title Serial No. Date Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian 5696-2008 November 2008 coastal waters – 2007 Pages Price OSPAR Commission Report No. Sub-No. 90 + TA-2452/2008 annexes SPFO -1038 Author(s) Topic group Distribution Eva Skarbøvik (Bioforsk), Per G. Stålnacke (Bioforsk), Øyvind Monitoring Open Kaste (NIVA), John Rune Selvik (NIVA), Torulv Tjomsland (NIVA), Tore Høgåsen (NIVA), Annelene Pengerud (Bioforsk), Geographical area Printed Paul Andreas Aakerøy (Bioforsk), Eirik Fjeld (NIVA) and Stein Norway NIVA Beldring (NVE). Client(s) Client ref. Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT) Christine Daae Olseng and Jon L. Fuglestad Abstract The report presents results from the 2007 monitoring of 46 Norwegian rivers in accordance with the requirements of the OSPAR Commission. Riverborne inputs of nutrients, suspended particulate matter, total organic carbon, silicate, metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, As), PCB7 and the pesticide lindane to Norwegian coastal waters are calculated based on concentration and flow data. In addition, the inputs from rivers not monitored, as well as direct discharges to marine waters along the coast from Sweden in the south to Russia in the north have been estimated. In general, there was an overall increase of inputs from 2006 to 2007 of most substances monitored in the RID Programme. The increases are within normal variations from year-to-year, and mainly caused by increased riverine water discharges and increased reporting of industrial discharges. 4 keywords, Norwegian 4 keywords, English 1. Elvetilførsler 1. Riverine inputs 2. Direkte tilførsler 2. Direct discharges 3. Norske kystområder 3. Norwegian coastal waters 4. Overvåking 4. Monitoring Øyvind Kaste Øyvind Kaste Jarle Nygard Project manager Research manager Strategy director ISBN 978-82-577-5431-0 5 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2007 (TA-2452/2008) 6 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2007 (TA-2452/2008) Preface This report presents the results of the 2007 monitoring of riverine and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters (RID). The monitoring is part of a joint monitoring programme under the “OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North- East Atlantic”. The Norwegian contribution for 2007 has been administered by Jon L. Fuglestad and Christine Daae Olseng at the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT). SFT has commissioned the Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), the Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk) and the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) to organise and carry out the monitoring, undertake the analyses and report the results. At NIVA, Øyvind Kaste has co-ordinated the RID programme in 2007. Other co-workers at NIVA include John Rune Selvik and Torulv Tjomsland (direct discharges and modelling with TEOTIL), Tore Høgåsen (databases, calculation of riverine loads), Eirik Fjeld (sub-chapter on emerging pollutants), Stein W. Johansen (quality assurance of chemical sampling; until July 2007), Bente Lauritzen (contact person at NIVAlab), Tor S. Traaen (quality assurance of chemical analyses; until October 2007), and Liv Bente Skancke (quality assurance of chemical sampling/analyses; from September 2007). At Bioforsk, Eva Skarbøvik has been the main responsible for the 2007 reporting, Per G. Stålnacke has been main responsible for the overall data handling and the statistical parts of the report, Annelene Pengerud and Paul Andreas Aakerøy have assisted in data analyses and the editing of the final report. Stig A. Borgvang has represented the link to OSPAR’s RID Assessment Panel and the RID Data Centre. At NVE, Jarle Thorvaldsen has been responsible for the local sampling programmes, Stein Beldring has carried out the hydrological modelling, and Erlend Moe has been the administrative contact. Overall quality assurance of the annual report has been carried out by Richard F. Wright, NIVA. The sampling has been performed by several fieldworkers; their names are given in Annex II. Below is an overview of sub-contractors and data sources involved: The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE): Water sampling, provision of water discharge data, water discharge modelling. The Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk) Data analysis, reporting. The TEOTIL-programme: Calculations with the input-model TEOTIL2 of input of nutrients to Norwegian coastal areas in non-monitored water courses The Norwegian Meteorological Institute (met.no): Precipitation and temperature data Statistics Norway (SSB): 7 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2007 (TA-2452/2008) Data on discharges in outlets from wastewater treatment plants with a connection of > 50 p.e. (person equivalents). The Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT): Data on discharges in outlets from industrial plants. Directorate of Fisheries (FD): Fish farming effluents. Oslo, November 2008 Øyvind Kaste Project co-ordinator 8 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2007 (TA-2452/2008) 9 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2007 (TA-2452/2008) Content Part A: Principles, Results and Discussions Summary................................................................................................................................. 14 1. Introduction.............................................................................................................. 17 1.1 The RID Programme.................................................................................................. 17 1.2 The RID Rivers .......................................................................................................... 18 1.3 Unmonitored areas and direct discharges .................................................................. 18 1.4 The 2007 RID Report................................................................................................. 18 2. Methodology ............................................................................................................. 23 2.1 Selection of RID Rivers ............................................................................................. 23 2.2 Water Sampling Methodology ................................................................................... 23 2.3 Chemical parameters – detection limits and analytical methods ............................... 27 2.4 Quality assurance and direct on-line access to data................................................... 28 2.5 Water discharge and hydrological modelling ............................................................ 28 2.6 Calculating Riverine Loads........................................................................................ 29 2.7 Direct discharges to the sea........................................................................................ 30 3. Climatic conditions in 2007 ..................................................................................... 31 3.1 Air temperature .......................................................................................................... 31 3.2 Precipitation ............................................................................................................... 32 3.3 Water discharge.......................................................................................................... 33 4. Results of the 2007 RID Program........................................................................... 36 4.1 Direct Discharges Statistics and TEOTIL Modelling Results ................................... 36 4.2 Total nutrient and particle input in 2007.................................................................... 42 4.3 Total metal inputs in 2007 ......................................................................................... 46 4.4 Total lindane and PCB7 inputs in 2007 ..................................................................... 49 5. Comparisons of Inputs from 2006 to 2007............................................................. 50 5.1 Riverine loads in 2006 and 2007................................................................................ 50 5.2