Index Acidemia, radiographic findings, 880 Akt Anticonvulsants, vitamin D metabolism Arne, vitamin D therapy, 1898 cell differentiation induction via vitamin D, effects, 1257-1258 Actin, vitamin D binding protein complex, 1628-1629 Antimicrobial peptides, vitamin D effects on 65-66 leukemia signaling and vitamin D effects, expression, 1781-1783, 1813-1814 Actinic keratosis, vitamin D therapy, 1739 AP-l, see Activator protein-l 1898 photoprotection mechanisms of vitamin D Apoptosis Activator protein-l (AP-l), cell compounds, 1948 breast cancer cells, 1658-1659 differentiation induction via Alcohol calbindin D function, 369-370 vitamin D, 1631 alcoholism cancer and vitamin D, 1602-1603 AD, see Alzheimer's disease cirrhosis and bone loss leukemia, 1737 ADAM17, vitamin D renoprotective actions, clinical features, 1312 osteoclast, 339 1342-1345 epidemiology, 1311-1312 prostate cancer, 1685 Adipocyte pathogenesis, 1312-1313 Arsenic trioxide, leukemia treatment with vitamin D effects, 770-773 treatment, 1313 vitamin D combination therapy, vitamin D sequestration, 1019 hypophosphatemia, 1175 1740 Adolescent vitamin D metabolism effects, 1259-1260 Arteriosclerosis asthma and vitamin D status, 671 Aldosterone, see Renin-angiotensin system calcium-sensing receptor defects, calcium Alfacalcidol 1417-1418 absorption enhancers, 653-654 chemical synthesis, 1490-1491 vitamin D retention markers, 667 history of development, 1489-1490 calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D diabetes and vitamin D status, 671 multiple sclerosis treatment, 1865 excess effects, 1141 influenza and vitamin D status, osteoporosis management, 1491-1495 fibroblast growth factor-23/klothol 671 Alien, vitamin D receptor repression, vitamin D axis, 1413-1414 pubertal bone acquisition, 657-659 202-203 intervention studies vitamin D Alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D effects in animal models, 549-550 deficiency prevalence, 659-660 bone, 416 humans, 1408-1409 intake recommendations, 671-672 Alkalosis, hypophosphatemia, 1174 overview of actions, 1406-1408 intervention trials Allergic rhinitis, vitamin D studies, 2013 parathyroid hormone receptor signaling, bone response, 667-669 All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), leukemia 1414-1415 muscle response, 669 treatment with vitamin D toxicity and ectopic calcification, 590 status influences combination therapy, 1739-1740 toxicity studies, 1409-1411, 1415-1416 age and pubertal maturation, 662 Alopecia vitamin D analog risks, 1418-1419 latitude and season, 661-662 hereditary vitamin-D resistant rickets Arthritis, see Osteoarthritis; Psoriatic obesity, 662 association, 1200, 1223-1224 arthritis; Rheumatoid arthritis race and socioeconomic status, 662 rickets association, 814 Arthroplasty, see Orthopedics sex differences, 662, 669-671 Aluminum toxicity, radiographic findings, 5-ASA, see 5-Aminosalicylic acid status markers 874-875 Association studies bone turnover markers, 666 Alzheimer's disease (AD), vitamin D candidate gene association studies, la:,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 663-664 studies, 575 1027-1028 fractional calcium absorption, 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), genome-wide association studies, 664-665 inflammatory bowel disease 1028-1029 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 659 management, 1885 overview, 1027 intact parathyroid hormone, 664 Analogs, see Vitamin D analogs Asthma AF-2 Anaphylaxis, vitamin D studies, 2012-2013 adolescent vitamin D status, 671 mutation, 239 Angiogenesis clinical features, 2001-2002 vitamin D receptor activation, 105, 108, 110, inhibition by vitamin D in cancer, control, 2008-2010 148,151 1595-1597 intervention trials of vitamin D in acute AFM, see Atomic force microscopy prostate cancer and vitamin D inhibition, respiratory infection, 2005-2006 Aging, see also Elderly; Falls; Fracture 1688-1689 observational studies of vitamin D, klotho studies, 754 vitamin D receptor functions, 543-544 2004 metabolic bone disease, 807 Angiotensin, see Renin-angiotensin system pathogenesis, 2006-2008 vitamin D receptor as longevity nuclear Animal feed prospects for study, 2014 receptor, 160-161 biofortification, 999 vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and vitamin D synthesis effects, 16 vitamin D intake recommendations, 87-88 late effects on child, 687 2057 2058 INDEX Atherosclerosis glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis metabolism, 411-413 Bon endothelial dysfunction, 1975-1976 therapy, 1240-1241 sources, 412-413 optimal vitamin D status, 1079-1080 vitamin D metabolism effects, 1262 vitamin D receptor BPH vitamin D BL269, 1475 bacterial artificial chromosome clones Brai intervention studies, 555-556, BL314,1475 studies, 123 ca 1408-1409 BL562,1475 function, 437-438 d~ observational studies, 555 Bladder cancer, vitamin D studies, Wnt in homeostasis, 242-243 overview of actions, 1406-1408 1765-1766 Bone histomorphometry Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial background, BMD, see Bone mineral density biopsy 2045 BMPs, see Bone morphogenetic proteins adverse effects, 846 Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Body size, vitamin D synthesis effects, indications, 846 inl mineralization analysis, 387 986-987 technique, 845-846 kr Atopic dermatitis, vitamin D studies, Bolus dosing, vitamin D, 1001-1002 bone turnover analysis 2012-2014 Bone, see also Collagen; Fracture; activation frequency, 852 ne ATRA, see All-trans retinoic acid Mineralization; Oral skeleton; formation rates, 852 AUF-I, 430, 500 Osteoblast; Osteoclast; Osteocyte; mineralizing perimeter, 852 vit Autoimmune disease, see specific diseases Rickets; Runx2 remodeling periods, 853 vit Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome bariatric surgery effects, 1016-1018 limitations, 848 type 1, hypocalcemia, 1095 biopsy, see Bone histomorphometry methodology, 846-847 Autophagy calbindin D function, 366-367 mineralization assessment breast cancer, 1658-1659 calcium-sensing receptor function, 437-438 , adjusted apposition rate, 850 BRC innate immunity, 1815 ~-catenin-vitaminD receptor interactions, mineral apposition rate, 849-850 Brea~ 156,243-244 mineralization lag time, 850 BAC, see Bacterial artificial chromosome chromatin remodeling, 311-313 osteoid maturation time, 850 Brem Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), CYP27Bl function, 412-413, 587 osteoid measurement, 849 cel vitamin D receptor clones epigenetic mechanism for lineage tetracycline labeling, 848-849 bone cell activity, 123 commitment, 309-310 osteomalacia transgenes in mice, 123-124 fetal development, 626 focal osteomalacia, 852 Bariatric surgery, see Obesity fibroblast growth factor-23 coordination of generalized osteomalacia, 851-852 Basal cell carcinoma, see Skin cancer renal phosphate handling with bone prospects, 857 B cell mineralization and turnover, referents, 847 CYP27Bl/vitamin D receptor knockout 757-758 remodeling studies, 594-596 formation balance assessment vitamin D receptor agonist effects, endochondral bone formation in formation, 853-854 1798-1799 development, 301-303 resorption, 854-855 Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) nuclear organization of regulatory indices, 846 epidemiology, 1931 machinery, 306-308 structural assessment medical treatment, 1933 signaling in formation determinants of bone strength, 855 CY pathogenesis, 1931-1933 bone morphogenetic proteins, 304 three-dimensional approaches, 856 vitamin D receptor agonist studies fibroblast growth factors, 304 two-dimensional approaches, 856 inflammation inhibition, 1935-1936 Wnt, 304-305 terminology, 847-848 lower urinary tract symptoms, gene expression within context of nuclear theory, 846 est! 1931-1933 architecture, 309-311 Bone mineral density (BMD) int~ overview, 1803 gene transactivation by vitamin D receptor, genome-wide association studies, prospects for study, 1937-1938 113, 117-118 1034-1035 pre prostate cell growth control, maternal vitamin D deficiency effects on glucocortiCOid-induced osteoporosis and pro 1933-1934 child later in life, 687 vitamin D response, 1238-1241 vita urethra dysfunction, 1936-1937 mechanical load response, 325-326 idiopathic hypercalciuria and reduction, Beta cell, see Diabetes metastasis and chemokines in osteoclast 1363-1365 vita Bile acids, see also Lithocholic acid regulation, 340-341 measurement, see Dual-energy X-ray Ii derivatives osteoarthritis changes, 1956-1957 absorptiometry; Quantitative metabolism and regulation by nuclear parathyroid hormone function, 730-732 computed tomography v receptors, 1511-1514 parathyroid hormone-related protein optimal vitamin D status, 1073 pathophysiology, 777 function, 734-735 osteoporosis effects of calcium and vitamin structures, 1510 pregnancy and lactation effects, D supplementation, 1133-1134 synthesis and metabolism, 760, 1511-1512 682-684 pubertal bone acquisition, 657-658, types, 775 pubertal bone acquisition, 657-658 660-661 BroWl vitamin A effects on synthesis, 764-765 remodeling, 323-325, 813 Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), bone vitamin D receptor scaffolding of regulatory components for formation signaling, 304 BSP,sl bile acid synthesis regulation, 765-766 combinatorial control of gene Bone scinitigraphy Bumi binding, 766 expression, 313-315 metabolic bone disease diagnosis, 817 BXL-6 detoxification role, 765-766 turnover, 335 overview, 883 BXLOl interaction overview, 1509-1511 turnover markers as vitamin D status Bone sialoprotein (BSP), mineralization role Biliopancreatic diversion, see Obesity markers in adolescence, 666 and vitamin D effects, 392-393, CaffeiJ Bisphosphonates vitamin D 416-417 Calbir INDEX 2059 Bone volume, CYP27B1 knockout studies, apoptosis role, 369-370 hypocalcemia and dietary deficiency, 1099 587 calcium absorption role, 353 influx and adipocyte metabolism, 769