May 2012 DYADIC INTERNATIONAL, INC. (Symbol: DYAI) December 2012 AN INDUSTRIAL SCALE PLATFORM FOR ENZYMES AND OTHER PROTEINS Safe harbor statement Certain statements contained in this presentation are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause Dyadic’s actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, Dyadic expressly disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements. 2 Table of Contents 1. Executive summary 4 Introduction to proteins 7 Dyadic’s capabilities 13 2. C1 overview 25 3. Business overview 50 5. Cellulosic biofuels and bio-based chemicals 57 6. Industrial enzymes 77 7. Biopharmaceuticals—EnGen 89 8. Glossary 98 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 Business overview Dyadic is a global biotechnology company Founded in 1979 by Mark Emalfarb, Chairman, President and CEO Headquartered in Jupiter, Florida with main R&D operations in The Netherlands Efficient business model of: Funded R&D and milestone payments Licensing fees and royalties, and Sale of enzyme products Breakeven cash flow and profitability projected in 2012 with minimal capital Headquarters in Jupiter, Florida requirements Uses patented and proprietary C1 fungal expression technology and other fungal technologies to discover, develop, manufacture and sell enzymes and other proteins, together with its customers and partners 36 full-time employees including 25 dedicated to R&D activities Broad patent portfolio of 12 US and 58 foreign patents and 13 pending US R&D facility in Wageningen, The Netherlands and 38 pending foreign patents encompassing gene expression using Dyadic’s C1 technology 5 Dyadic’s leadership team Mark A. Emalfarb Chairman, President and CEO Dyadic since 1979 Background: Dyadic founder Adam J. Morgan, Esq. Michael J. Faby, CPA Vice President General Counsel Vice President and Chief Financial Officer & Business Development, Secretary Dyadic since 2009 Dyadic since 2009 Background: Accounting Background: Attorney, bus. dev., licensing Richard H. Jundzil Thomas M. O’Shaughnessy Vice President Operations Vice President Sales & Marketing Dyadic since 2003 Dyadic since 2010 Background: Operations and quality Background: Chemical sales and marketing Wim van der Wilden, Ph.D. Jan Wery, Ph.D. General Manager, Dyadic Netherlands Science Director, Dyadic Netherlands Dyadic since 2002 Dyadic since 2007 Background: Biology and biochemistry Background: Yeast genetics 6 Executive Summary: INTRODUCTION TO PROTEINS 7 Proteins are part of every living organism What is a What does a Types of proteins by function protein? protein do? Proteins are Virtually every Enzymes – Catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions. They are the biggest biochemical process and and most important group of proteins, and responsible for all metabolic reactions compounds that product in living in living cells are the foundation cells depend on Immunoglobulin or Antibodies – Involved in the organism’s immune response of living systems proteins to neutralize large foreign molecules of an infection. Antibodies act as enzymes Proteins are long, Proteins do including proteins responsible for the clotting of blood (fibrin and thrombin) folded chains of everything from Hormones – Responsible for the regulation of many processes in organisms. smaller molecules activating Usually quite small and can be classified as peptides (e.g. insulin) called amino acids essential chemical Signaling proteins – Involved in the signaling translation process. Usually they There are 20 reactions, to significantly change conformation in presence of some signaling molecules. different types of carrying These proteins can act as enzymes amino acids, messages Motor proteins – Can convert chemical energy into mechanical energy. Actin between cells, to which can be and myosin are responsible for muscular motion combined in an fighting infections, Receptors – Responsible for signal detection and translation into other types of almost infinite to making cell signals (incl. id rhodopsin, a light detecting protein) numbers of ways membranes, to produce tendons, muscles, Storage proteins – Contain energy, which can be released during metabolism different proteins blood, bone and processes in the organism (Egg ovalbumin and milk casein). Almost all proteins other structural can be digested and used as a source of energy and building material by other materials organisms Transport proteins – Transport or store other chemical compounds and ions (Hemoglobin is responsible for oxygen transport in blood) Dyadic enables the commercialization of enzymes and other proteins 8 Enzymes and other proteins are part of everyday life Examples of enzymes and other commercial proteins Wastewater treatment Bio-based chemicals Cosmetics and personal care Pulp & paper Environmentally-friendly treatment Reduce use of petroleum- Enhance quality/properties of Used for bleaching, refining, de-inking of organic and toxic waste based products toiletry products and the removal of adhesives Enzyme market size $50mm+1 Reduce pollution and improve Increase the moisturizing factor of Enhance desired characteristics such product safety ingredients in cosmetics as strength, bulk or softness Reduce usage of chemical load Reduce usage of water, energy Biopharmaceuticals End market size $10bn2 1 Used to fight diseases such as Active ingredient market size Enzyme market size $50mm rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes $550mm Enzyme market size $800mm+1 Biofuels Reduce use of petroleum- based products Food and beverage Large existing food-based ethanol Improves flavor/quality market Facilitates digestion, improves Developing cellulosic biofuel market nutritional value and reduces positioned for rapid growth potential allergic reactions Food-based market size $600mm Enzyme market size $1bn Cellulosic market size $5bn3 Detergents Animal health & nutrition Textiles/Leather Nutraceuticals Enhance detergents’ characteristics Improve the digestibility of Used in the production of fabrics Dietary supplements, such as cleaning ability, color fading dietary components for clothing, furniture and other herbal products, prevention and performance at household items processed foods Enzyme market size $600mm gentler washing Replaces conventional chemical Less energy needed for cleaning methods Legend End market size Enzyme market size $750mm Enzyme market size $350mm $20bn Existing company Markets readily penetrable markets with additional by company technologies Source: Freedonia Group, Frost & Sullivan, Verenium press releases, equity research, company estimates growth opportunities Note: Market size numbers represent latest available current global estimates, unless otherwise indicated 1 US market size only; 2 Total market for bio-based chemicals; 3 Projected 2022 cellulosic biofuels enzyme market 9 How enzymes and other proteins are produced Host organism Genes Cells Proteins Instructions Factory Product Over 300 billion known genes Cell or organism is the place Proteins (e.g., enzymes) New genes continuously where the protein (e.g., perform particular functions discovered and developed enzyme) is made every year Function Gene libraries are used by companies to identify characteristics of interest Find genes to make the Fungus, bacteria, mammalian, Over 4mm known proteins enzyme or protein of interest yeast, algae Over 1mm additional proteins C1 is a host organism were discovered and developed in the past 2 years Process Virtually unlimited product opportunities 10 How enzymes and other proteins are commercialized Common bottlenecks in protein expression and scale-up Making enough to conduct a trial Making it at low enough cost Discovery Expression Optimization Production Sales/Marketing Through genomics Transform a gene Overexpression Reliably produce Direct channel to and proteomics into a protein in Insert more copies large volumes at manufacturers R&D programs, the living cell of the same gene low cost with high Licensing or other discover enzymes into the cell yields forms of and other proteins Screen to find the Formulation, partnerships best production stabilization and candidate packaging Additional testing at larger volumes Fermentation optimization Quantity mcg mg-gm multiple gm tonnes # of 1,000’s of 3-6 candidates 1-2 candidates 1 protein proteins genes Host research host research host production host C1 functions as both the research and production host 11 C1 enables commercial scale-up of enzymes & other proteins Discovery Expression/Optimization Production/Commercialization 1 Finding the gene 2 Expressing the gene 3 Producing economically Large number of 1 2 Limited optimization 3 available genes High cost / risk Common bottlenecks Common Use C1 production host C1 offers compatible gene C1 shortens commercialization 1 2 3 for gene discovery expression timelines, lowers costs and reduces R&D risk Dyadic C1 solution C1 Dyadic Commercialization timeline 12 Executive Summary: DYADIC’S CAPABILITIES 13 Dyadic’s strengths 1 17 years of R&D has created a highly developed C1 platform with full molecular toolkit to develop and manufacture enzymes and other proteins Enables the introduction of enzymes and other proteins with shortened development timelines World-class enabling technology Improves quality of enzymes and other proteins Lowers manufacturing