ED 270 831 CS 505 317 AUTHOR O'Brien, Nancy, Ed. TITLE Status Report on SpeellResearch: A Report on the Status and Progress of Studies onthe Nature of Speech, Instrumentation for ItsInvestigation, and Practical Applications, October 1-December31, 1985. INSTITUTION Haskins Labs., New Haven, Conn. SPONS AGENCY National Institutes of Health(DHHS), Bethesda, Md.; National Science Foundation,Washington, D.C.; Office of Naval Research, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO SR-84(1985) PUB DATE 85 CONTRACT NICHHD-N01-HD-5-2910; ONR-N00014-83-K-0083 GRANT NICHHD-HD-01994; NIH-BRS-RR-05596;NINCDS-NS-13617; NINCDS-NS-13870; NINCDS-NS-18010;NSF-BNS-8111470 NOTE 271p. AVAILABLE FROMU.S. Department of Commerce,National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22151. PUB TYPE Reports - Research/Technical(143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Articulation (Speech); Behavior Patterns; *Communication Research; Deafness; *Language Research; Memory; Music; OrthographicSymbols; Phonemes; *Phonology; ReadingDifficulties; *Speech Communication; *Speech Skills ABSTRACT The articles in this paperexplore the status and progress of studies on the natureof speech, instrumentation forits investigation, and practical researchapplications. Titles of the papers and their authors are asfollows: (1) "Task Dynamic Coordination of the Speech Articulators: APreliminary Model" (Elliot Saltzman); (2) "Some Observations on theDevelopment of Anticipatory Coarticulation" (Bruno H. Repp); (3) "TheRole of Production Variability in Normal and Deviant DevelopingSpeech" (Katherine S. Harris, Judith Rubin-Spitz, and NancyS. McGarr); (4) "Can Linguistic Boundaries Change the Effectiveness ofSilence as a Phonetic Cue?" (Bruno H. Repp); (5) "Perceptionof the (m)-(n) Distinction in CV Syllables" (Bruno H. Repp); (6) "On theNature of Melody-Text Integration in Memory for Songs"(Mary Louise Serafine, Janet Davidson, Robert G. Crowder, and Bruno H.Repp) (7) "Some Developments in Research on LanguageBehavior" (Michael Studdert-Kennedy); (8) "The Pursuit ofInvariance in Speech Signals" (Leigh Lisker); (9) "How Is theAspiration of English /p,t,k/ 'Predictable'?" (Leigh Lisker); (10)"Developmental Phonology: Is the Child Father to the Man?" (Catherine T.Best); (11) "Phonology and the Problems of Learning to Readand Write" (Isabelle Y. Libermanand Donald Shankweiler); (12) "PhonologicalDeficiencies in Children with Reading Disability: Evidence from anObject-Naming Task" (Robert B. Katz); (13) "Access to Spoken Languageand the Acquisition of Orthographic Structure: Evidence fromDeaf Readers" (Vicki L. Hanson); (14) "Cooperative Phenomena inBiological Motion" (J.A.S. Kelso and J.P. Scholz); (15)"Naturalizing the Context for Interpreting SMA Function" (John P. Scholz,M.T. Turvey, and J.A.S. Analysis of Kelso); and (16) "Informationand Control: A Macroscopic Perception-Action Coupling" (J.A.S.Kelso and B.A. Kay).Citation ERIC and DTIC information for each articleis included, and a list of numbers is a tided. (HOD) SR-84 (1985) Status Report on U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and improvement SPEECH RESEARCH EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) XThis document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it C Minor changes have been made to improv A Report on reproduction Quality Points°, view or opinionsstated in thmdocu- the Status and Progress of Studies on ment do not necessarily represent official the Nature of Speech, Instrumentation GERI position or policy for its Investigation, and Practical Applications 1 October-31 December 1985 Haskins Laboratories 270 Crown Street New Haven, Conn. 06511 DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED (The information in this document is available to the gen- eral public. Haskins Laboratories distributes it primarily for library use. Copies are available from the National ltachnical Information Service or the ERIC Document Re- production Service. See the Appendix for order number of previous Status Reports.) 2 Ignatius G. Mattingly, Acting Editor-in-Chief Nancy O'Brien, Editor Gail Reynolds, lbchnical Coordinator 3 SR-84 (1985) (October-December) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research reported here was made possible in part by support from the following sources: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Grant HD-01994 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Contract NO1-HD-5-2910 NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH Biomedical Research Support Grant RR-05596 NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Grant BNS-8111470 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL AND COMMUNICATIVE DISORDERS AND STROKE Grant NS 13870 Grant NS 13617 Grant NS 18010 OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH Contract N00014-83-K-0083 iii 4 SR-84 (1985) (October-December) HASKINS LABORATORIES PERSONNEL IN SPEECH RESEARCH Investigators Arthur S. Abramson* Louis Goldstein* Kevin G. Munhallttt Peter J. Alfonso* Vicki L. Hanson Hiroshi Muta' Thomas Baer Katherine S. Harris* Susan Nittrouertt Fredericka Bell-Berti* Sarah Hawkinstt Patrick W. Nye Catherine Best* Satoshi Horiguchil Lawrence J. Raphael* Geoffrey Binghamt Leonard Katz* Bruno H. Repp Gloria J. Borden* J. A. Scott Kelso Philip E. Rubin Susan Brady* Andrea G. Levitt* Elliot Saltzman Catherine P. Browman Alvin M. Liberman* Donald Shankweiler* Franklin S. Cooper* Isabelle Y. Liberman* Michael Studdert-Kennedy* Stephen Crain* Leigh Lisker* Betty Tuller* Robert Crowder* Virginia Mann* Michael T. Turvey* Laurie B. Feldman* Ignatius G. Mattingly* Douglas H. Whalen Anne Fowlert Nancy S. McGarr* Carol A. Fowler* Richard McGowan Technical/Support Michael An3tett Raymond C. Huey* Nancy O'Brien Philip Chagnon Sabina D. Koroluk Gail K. Reynolds Alice Dadourian Bruce Martin William P. Scully Vincent Gulisano Frank Merewether Richard S. Sharkany Donald Hailey Betty J. Myers Edward R. Wiley Students* Joy Armson Carole E. Gelfer Jerry McRoberts Dragana Barac Bruce Kay Lawrence D. Rosenblum Sara Basson Noriko Kobayashi Arlyne Russo Eric Bateson Rena A. Krakow Richard C. Schmidt Suzanne Boyce Deborah Kuglitsch John Scholz Teresa Clifford Hwei-Bing Lin Robin Seider Andre Cooper Katrina Lukatela Suzanne Smith Margaret Dunn Harriet Magen Katyanee Svastikula Jo Estill Sharon Manuel David Williams *Part-time 'Visiting from University of Tokyo, Japan tNIH Research Fellow ttNRSA Training Fellow tttNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Fellow 5 SR-84 (1985) (October-December) CONTENTS TASK DYNAMIC COORDINATION OF THE SPEECH ARTICULATORS: A PRELIMINARY MODEL Elliot Saltzman 1-18 SDK OBSERVATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTICIPATORY COARTICULATION Bruno H. Repp 19-25 THE ROLE OF PRODUCTION VARIABILITY IN NORMAL AND DEVIANT DEVELOPING SPEECH Katherine S. Harris, Judith Rubin-Spitz, and Nancy S. McGarr 27-43 CAN LINGUISTIC BOUNDARIES CHANGE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SILENCE AS A PHONETIC CUE? Bruno H. Repp 45-57 PERCEPTION OF THE [m]-[n] DISTINCTION IN CV SYLLABLES Bruno H. Repp .... 59-85 ON THE NATURE OF MELODY-TEXT INTEGRATION IN MEMORY FOR SONGS Mary Louise Serafine, Janet Davidson, Robert G. Crowder and Bruno H. Repp 87-100 SOME DEVELOPMENTS IN RESEARCH ON LANGUAGE BEHAVIOR Michael Studdert-Kennedy 101-133 THE PURSUIT OF INVARIANCE IN SPEECH SIGNALS Leigh Lisker 135-140 HOW IS THE ASPIRATION OF ENGLISH /p,t,k/ "PREDICTABLE"? Leigh Lisker 141-144 DEVELOPMENTAL PHONOLOGY: IS THE CHILD FATHER TO THE MAN? Catherine T. Best 145-148 PHONOLOGY AND THE PROBLEMS OF LEARNING TO READ AND WRITE Isabelle Y. Liberman and Donald Shankweiler 149-166 PHONOLOGICAL DEFICIENCIES IN CHILDREN WITH READING DISABILITY: EVIDENCE FROM AN OBJECT-NAMING TASK Robert B. Katz 167-193 ACCESS TO SPOKEN LANGUAGE AND THE ACQUISITION OF ORTHOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE: :vIDENCE FROM DEAF READERS Vicki L. Hanson 195-212 vii SR-84 (1985) (October-December) COOPERATIVE PHENOMENA IN BIOLOGICAL MOTION J. A. S. Kelso and J. P. Scholz 213-232 NATURALIZING THE CONTEXT FOR INTERPRETING SMA FUNCTION John P. Scholz, M. T. Turvey, and J. A. S. Kelso 233-236 INFORMATION AND CONTROL: A MACROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTION-ACTION COUPLING J. A. S. Kelso and B. A. Kay 237-263 PUBLICATIONS 267 APPENDIX: DTIC and ERIC numbers 269-270 (SR-21/22 - SR-82/83) viii. 7 Status Report on Speech Research Haskins Laboratories 8 TASK DYNAMIC COORDINATION OF THE SPEECH ARTICULATORS: A PRELIMINARY MODEL* Elliot Saltzman Abstract. A task dynamicmodel of skilledmovementsoriginally formulatedwith reference to limb tasks (Saltzman & Kelso, 1983a/in press) is extended to incorporate speech production. In the model, qualitative differences among tasks are captured by corresponding topological differences inthe dynamical structures of abstract task-space control regimes. These task - Dynamic regimes remain invariant throughout a given limb or speech gesture. Major levels of dynamical representation and associated coordinate transformations among these levels are introduced in a discussion of a planarreachingtaskfor a 3-joint limb. Extensions to speech production focuson bilabial movements duringtasks involving discrete closing and repetitive cyclic gestures. The discrete task shows how the model exhibits utterance-specific immediate compensationto jaw perturbations; the cyclic taskshows how continuous articulator trajectories may be generated that are useful for speech synthesis. Significantly, the task-dynamicmodel generates coordinatedarticulatory movements from the simple specification of abstract dynamic parameters, and requires neither explicit trajectory planning for unperturbed movements nor explicit error detection and replanning