Name: Jose Paulo Paraoan Instructor: Mr. Van Ryan Kristoffer Galarpe Year & Course: BMLS-1A Schedule: MWF-10:00-11:00 TECHNICAL REPORT IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS I. Introduction Organic Chemistry is a particular branch of chemistry which deals with the study of carbon compounds. The properties of carbon compounds are so special and unique that it can create organic compounds which are essential for the proper functioning of the human body. It was commonly believed that according to the Vital Force Theory, organic compounds can only be made by living cells or organs of plants and animals. But the breakthrough discovery of a German chemist named Friedrich Wöhler in 1828, in which he produced urea synthetically in a laboratory, negated this theory and started the era of modern organic chemistry. The advancement of technology paved ways for the creation of many more organic compounds, recently estimated at more than a trillion compounds. With many organic compounds that exist, most of them are used as ingredients in household products which help in the improvement of human health, alleviation of various diseases and even the prevention of ailments. But not all are good for the human body. As an aspiring Medical Laboratory Scientist, the knowledge of these common organic compounds and its effect in the human body is important in practicing proper consumer health awareness and safety and to avoid complications in the proper functioning of the human body which makes it vulnerable to many more ailments. Through a survey/research project about common household products and its organic compounds in five households, the technical report aims to gain more knowledge about organic compounds and practicing consumer health awareness by extracting the common organic compound used as an ingredient in these household products and gathering preliminary information about these compounds. II. Methodology The research project made use of a survey type of research method in gathering the data, in which the respondents were five chosen neighbors of the survey conductor. After choosing the research subject, a letter of intent was given to inform the respondents that a survey will be done in their houses, specifically their kitchen and toilets, so that the survey conductor will have permission to enter their residence and use this information. The products used in both kitchen and toilets and their ingredients were listed. The same procedure was done in the other four houses. After the survey, the organic compounds from the ingredients were used and were compared with the other information from the houses. Common ingredients of these products were gathered and were researched according to its IUPAC System of naming, its structural formula and its preliminary information. A conclusion was made after the research. III. Results and Discussion/ Analysis The research survey needed five respondents. The following were the sites of the survey: Household Owner 1 Mr. Julio Paroaan 2 Mrs. Teresita Lim 3 Mrs. Melgenieva Soliano 4 Mrs. Leonora Umpad 5 Mrs. Leah Singuit TOILETRIES Table 1: Shampoos HOUSEHOLD Products Used Common Ingredient 1 CLEAR Anti-Dandruff Shampoo Clean and Itch Control 2 Head and Shoulders for Men Hair Retain HEAD AND SHOULDERS Smooth and Silky Shampoo Palmolive Naturals Shampoo dimethicone with Conditioner Intensive Moisture Vaseline Naturals 2in1 methylisothiazolinone Shampoo and Conditioner Anti-Dandruff and Itch Relief 3 Head and Shoulders Anti- zinc pyrithione Dandruff Shampoo Cool Menthol 4 CLEAR MEN Cool Sport HEAD AND SHOULDERS Smooth and Silky Shampoo 5 HEAD AND SHOULDERS Smooth and Silky Shampoo Shampoo is a hair care product used for the removal of oils, dirt, skin particles, dandruff, environmental pollutants and other contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair. The goal is to remove the unwanted build-up without stripping out so much as to make hair unmanageable. Shampoo, when lathered with water, is a surfactant, which, while cleaning the hair and scalp, can remove the natural oils (sebum) which lubricate the hair shaft (Harper, 2001). Shampooing is frequently followed by the use of conditioners which increase the ease of combing and styling (Harper, 2001). Shampoo cleans by stripping sebum from the hair. Sebum is an oil secreted by hair follicles that is readily absorbed by the strands of hair, and forms a protective layer. Sebum protects the protein structure of hair from damage, but this protection comes at a cost. It tends to collect dirt, styling products and scalp flakes. Surfactants strip the sebum from the hair shafts and thereby remove the dirt attached to it (Harper, 2001). While both soaps and shampoos contain surfactants, soap bonds to oils with such affinity that it removes too much if used on hair. Shampoo uses a different class of surfactants balanced to avoid removing too much oil from the hair (Harper, 2001). The chemical mechanisms that underlie hair cleansing are similar to those of traditional soap. Undamaged hair has a hydrophobic surface to which skin lipids, such as sebum, stick, but water is initially repelled. The lipids do not come off easily when the hair is rinsed with plain water. The anionic surfactants substantially reduce the interfacial surface tension and allow for the removal of the sebum from the hair shaft. The non-polar oily materials on the hair shaft are solubilised into the surfactant micelle structures of the shampoo and are removed during rinsing. There is also considerable removal through a surfactant and oil "roll up" effect (Harper, 2001). Dimethicone, methylizothiazolinone and zinc pyrithione were found out to be the common ingredients of the gathered data from the five households. DIMETHICONE IUPAC NAME: Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Molecular formula: (C2H6OSi)n Empirical Formula: C6H18OSi2 CAS number 63148-62-9 Density: 965 kg m−3 Molecular Weight: 162.3775 Nominal Mass: 162 Da Average Mass: 162.3775 Da Monoisotopic Mass: 162.089617 Da Other names: Cyclomethicone, Cetyl dimethicone, Cyclopentasiloxane, Silicone oil (Wells, 1984) Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) belongs to a group of polymeric organosilicon compounds which are commonly referred to as silicones. PDMS is the most widely used silicon-based organic polymer, and is particularly known for its unusual rheological (or flow) properties. Its applications range from contact lenses and medical devices to elastomers, in shampoos (as dimethicone makes hair shiny and slippery), caulking, lubricating oils and heat resistant tiles (Lotters, 1994). PDMS is optically clear, and is generally considered to be inert, non-toxic and non- flammable. It is occasionally called dimethicone and is one of several types of silicone oil (polymerized siloxane) (Lotters, 1994). Dimethicone is another name for polydimethylsiloxane and is used to impart a soft velvety feel to hair or skin products. It is also used as an emulsifier for "water-in-oil" emulsions (Field, 2006). Dimethicones appear as a colorless liquid. It is stable, but moisture sensitive. It is also highly flammable and incompatible with strong acids and strong bases (Chemspider, 2009). This flexible polymer, with a backbone of silicon and oxygen instead of carbon, is used in most hand lotions and many cosmetics (American Chemical Society, 2010). It is a form of silicone wax that imparts “lubricity and softness to personal care formulations (www. baschem.co.uk) and it is described by the chemists as basically non-hazardous with a very low order of toxicity. But the harm comes when advice from the products themselves say, “contact with skin or eyes may cause irritation.” Add to this fact that dimethicone has been shown to cause tumors and mutations in experimental work with animals (Go, 2008). METHYLIZOTHIAZOLINONE IUPAC NAME: 2-Methylisothiazol-3-one Molecular formula: C4H5NOS Empirical Formula: C4H5NOS Molecular Weight: 115.1536 Abbreviations: MIT CAS number: 2682-20-4 Nominal Mass: 115 Da Average Mass: 115.1536 Da Monoisotopic Mass: 115.009184 Da Molar Volume: 89 cm3 Surface Tension: 46.1 dyne/cm Flash Point: 64.3 °C Boiling Point: 182.8 °C at 760 mmHg Polarizability: 11.89 10-24cm3 Density: 1.293 g/cm3 Enthalpy of Vaporization: 41.9 kJ/mol Vapour Pressure: 0.797 mmHg at 25°C Molar mass: 115.15 g mol−1 (Chemspider, 2009) (Greenwood & Earnshaw, 1997) Methylisothiazolinone or MIT, sometimes erroneously called methylisothiazoline, is a powerful biocide and preservative within the group of isothiazolinones, used in shampoos and body care products. Though long considered safe for use in cosmetics, two recent in vitro studies have shown that MIT is neurotoxic, causing damage to rat brain cells in tissue culture. Long-term health and safety studies have been conducted on animals, and thus far there is no evidence of nerve damage or neurological effects associated with MIT for consumers or workers. The two in vitro studies were published in peer-reviewed journals. Regulatory authorities in the USA, Japan and Europe and more than 25 other countries have all independently concluded the product is safe. Despite these claims, the studies published in scientific journals suggest that additional testing may be needed. Initially, a similar conclusion was reached by them in 2003 (link below). In 2004, the European Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products Intended for Consumers (SCCNFP) reported, "The SCCNFP is of the opinion that the proposed use of Methylisothiazolinone as a preservative at a maximum concentration of 0.01% (100 ppm) in the finished cosmetic product does not pose a risk to the health of the consumer." The specific conclusions of this article are that: 1) data provided on physico-chemical properties on methylisothiazolinone are complete; 2) the percutaneous absorption study is inadequate. A 100% absorption (via the skin) is assumed, and 3) the in vivo unscheduled DNA synthesis assay is adequate. Methylisothiazolinone is considered non genotoxic/mutagenic. Whether Methylisothiazolinone poses a risk via other forms of exposure or in occupational settings during the manufacture of products containing the biocide has yet to be determined (McLaughlin, 2002).