MONITORING AND EVALUATION SUPPORT ACTIVITY (MEASURE-BiH) GENDER ANALYSIS REPORT FOR BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA November 2016 MONITORING AND EVALUATION SUPPORT ACTIVITY (MEASURE-BiH) GENDER ANALYSIS REPORT FOR BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Prepared under the USAID’s Bosnia and Herzegovina Monitoring and Evaluation Support Activity (MEASURE-BiH), Contract Number AID-168-C-14-00003 Submitted to: USAID/Bosnia and Herzegovina Contractor: IMPAQ International, LLC Disclaimer This document is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of IMPAQ International and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. 2 USAID.GOV MEASURE-BIH GENDER ANALYSIS REPORT ABBREVIATIONS ADS - Automated Directives System of USAID BiH - Bosnia and Herzegovina BiH PA – Bosnia and Herzegovina Parliamentary Assembly BDBiH – Brcko District CEC – Central Election Commission CEDAW - Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CEDAW - Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women CoE - Council of Europe CoM – Council of Ministers CRSV - Conflict-Related Sexual Violence CSO - Civil Society Organizations DCAF - Geneva Center for Democratic Control of Armed Forces DV - Domestic Violence ECtHR - European Court of Human Rights EU - European Union FBiH - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina FBiH GC - Gender Center of FBiH FIGAP - Financial instrument for implementation of the Gender Action Plan of BiH FINDEX - Financial Inclusion Index GAP - Gender Action Plan of BiH GBV - Gender-Based Violence GE - Gender Equality GEA - BiH Gender Equality Agency GEC – Gender Equality Committee HoR – House of Representatives HoP – House of Peoples ICRG - International Country Risk Guide ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia IFC - International Finance Corporation ILO - International Labor Organization IPU - Inter-Parliamentary Union IRI - International Republican Institute LFS - Labor Force Survey LGBTI - Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex LoGE - Law on Gender Equality MEASURE-BiH – USAID’s Monitoring and Evaluation Support Activity NATO - North-Atlantic Treaty Organization NSCP- MEASURE’s National Survey of Citizens’ Perception NDI - National Democratic Institute OG - Official Gazette RIA - Regulatory Impact Assessment RS - Republika Srpska RS GC - Gender Center of RS RSNA – RS National Assembly TIP - Trafficking in Persons UN - United Nations UN Women - United Nations for Women UNDP - United Nations Development Program 3 USAID.GOV MEASURE-BIH GENDER ANALYSIS REPORT UNFPA - United Nations Population USAID - United States Agency for International Development USAID CSSP - Civil Society Sustainability Program of USAID/BiH USAID GEFE - Gender Equality and Female Empowerment Policy of USAID USAID SGIP - Strengthening Governing Institutions and Processes Activity of USAID/BiH UNSCR - UN Security Council Resolution WB - World Bank WHO - World Health Organization WPS - Women, Peace and Security 4 USAID.GOV MEASURE-BIH GENDER ANALYSIS REPORT CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 3 CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................. 5 LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................. 9 I. INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE ....................................................................................... 16 II. METHODOLOGY AND KEY GENDER ANALYSIS QUESTIONS .................................. 17 III. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................... 18 1. Demographics............................................................................................................................................................................... 18 2. Political overview in BiH ............................................................................................................................................................ 19 3. Gender framework ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19 IV. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................... 22 1. Gender-based norms .................................................................................................................................................................. 22 2. Rule of Law, Good Governance, Political and Civic Life ................................................................................................... 25 2.1 Rule of law .............................................................................................................................................................................. 26 2.2 Corruption .............................................................................................................................................................................. 29 2.3 Government and public services ....................................................................................................................................... 31 2.4 Elections, Political and Civic Life ....................................................................................................................................... 34 2.5 Independent Media ................................................................................................................................................................ 41 3. Inclusive Economic Growth ...................................................................................................................................................... 43 3.1 Participation, Employment and Unemployment ............................................................................................................ 45 3.2 Women’s Position in Employment ................................................................................................................................... 49 3.3 Employed By Status in Employment And By Sectors ................................................................................................... 52 3.4 Education and Earnings ........................................................................................................................................................ 54 3.5 Property Ownership and Access to Finance .................................................................................................................. 57 3.6 Women in Rural Areas ........................................................................................................................................................ 60 4. Reconciliation, Social Inclusion and Cohesion ..................................................................................................................... 64 4.1 Reconciliation and Respect for Diversity ........................................................................................................................ 64 4.2 Structure, Policies and Trends in Education .................................................................................................................. 70 4.3 Human rights of marginalized groups............................................................................................................................... 74 4.4 A shared vision of an interethnic state ............................................................................................................................ 78 5. Human Security ............................................................................................................................................................................ 79 5.1 Euro-Atlantic integration ..................................................................................................................................................... 79 5.2 Terrorism, extremism, radicalization and non-violent radicals ................................................................................. 82 6. Specific Gender issues ................................................................................................................................................................ 85 6.1 Gender-based Violence, including domestic violence .................................................................................................. 85 6.2 Conflict-related Sexual Violence ....................................................................................................................................... 90 5 USAID.GOV MEASURE-BIH GENDER ANALYSIS REPORT 6.3 Trafficking in persons ........................................................................................................................................................... 93 6.4 LGBTi issues ..........................................................................................................................................................................