TSA DATA AROUND THE WORLD WORLDWIDE SUMMARY Statistics and Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) Programme Madrid, June 2010 Capitán Haya, 42 ♦ 28020 Madrid ♦ España♦ Tel. (34) 91 567 81 00 ♦ Fax (91) 571 37 33 ♦ [email protected] ♦ www.unwto.org Table of contents Pages Presentation........................................................................................................... 1-3 1. The TSA project around the world: overall comments .............................. 4-9 2. Present status ........................................................................................... 10-34 3. Selected aggregates and tables of results.............................................. 35-76 T.1. Basic aggregates ................................................................................. 36-38 T.2. TSA related indicators.......................................................................... 39-42 T.3. Internal tourism consumption............................................................... 43-48 T.4. Domestic tourism consumption ............................................................ 49-55 T.5. Inbound tourism consumption.............................................................. 56-62 T.6. Tourism gross value added, by industry .............................................. 63-69 T.7. Tourism gross value added, by components..............................................70 T.8. Domestic supply................................................................................... 71-76 4. Complementary information ...................................................................77-109 5. Understanding and measuring tourism economic contribution: basic glossary ........................................................................................110-113 Annex. Basic tourism data and macroeconomic aggregates.....................114-191 Presentation A few years ago, in fact during the preparation of the Fourth UNWTO International Conference on Tourism Statistics “The Tourism Satellite Account (TSA): Understanding Tourism and Designing Strategies” held in Iguazu (Argentina / Brazil / Paraguay), 3-6 October 2005, UNWTO launched a consultation among countries that had initiated a process of compilation of a TSA. In that opportunity, this initiative concerned around 60 countries that received a first questionnaire which answers were presented at this Conference. One of the consensus reached as a consequence of such presentation was that UNWTO should begin to disseminate TSA data and find the most practical way to request from countries (basically National Tourism Administrations _NTAs_ and National Statistical Offices _NSOs_) an assessment of the compliance of their TSA compilation methods to the TSA recommended methodological framework (in effect, a brand validation approach). After the Iguazú Conference, UNWTO requested a second set of clarifications and information about the TSA design from those countries that had answered the first questionnaire. In this occasion, this initiative was used to get some insights about potential misunderstandings regarding the TSA conceptual framework. The answers provided an important input for the updating process of the existing TSA official recommendations that lead finally to the TSA: RMF 2008. The richness of the information gathered by means of these two initiatives (partly reproduced in chapter 4 “Complementary information” of this document), as well as the identification of those issues that were attributable to different conceptual gaps between the different frameworks, namely the SNA, BPM and TSA, paved the way to a final contribution to the International Workshop on Tourism Statistics held in Madrid from July 17 to July 20, 2006. During the 2006/2007 period, the Interagency Coordination Group on Tourism Statistics integrated by UNSD, OECD, Eurostat, IMF, ILO, WTO, UNECLAC and UNWTO used this input to review and close most of the gaps that had been identified. This effort of the international community culminated with the approval in 2008 by the UN Statistical Commission of the new International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2008 and the updated Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework 2008 document. Time has now come to present a new publication gathering a selective set of TSA data produced by different countries around the world. As most compilers and users of TSA data know, the formal structure of the TSA is determined by a set of predefined tables (10 tables) presenting basic statistical data of economic nature related to the activity of visitors and the industries supplying the goods and services that they acquire. Therefore, UNWTO has requested from countries, represented by both their National Tourism Administration and their National Statistical Office, to provide the official TSA results using the referred tables guaranteeing at the same time that the concepts used are along the line of those recommended internationally. 1 A significant number of countries (48) participated in this first attempt to collect TSA data, although only 39 have done so. In addition to those countries, a complementary ser of other thirteen (13) have been identified as having developed a TSA: − Eurostat has published in 4 volumes, the research carried on during 2009/2010 entitled “Tourism Satellite Accounts in the European Union” (4 volumes). This research has identified eight (8) additional countries. (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/tourism/methodology) − Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) has also launched a research on TSA implementation in APEC member countries. Based on the results of the 2009 APEC TSA survey, a set of five (5) additional countries have been identified. (http://publications.apec.org/publication-detail.php?pub_id=1025) Consequently, a total of 60 countries have been identified by early 2010 as having already produced or are currently developing a TSA exercise. Other countries could also be added to this list in the coming two years. Australia Egypt Italy Philippines Austria El Salvador Jamaica Poland Bahamas Estonia Japan Portugal Belgium Finland Kazakhstan Romania Brazil France Korea, Republic of Saudi Arabia Canada Germany Latvia Singapore Chile Greece Lithuania Slovakia China Guatemala Malaysia Slovenia Colombia Honduras Mexico Spain Cuba Hong Kong, China Morocco Sweden Cyprus Hungary Netherlands Switzerland Czech Republic India New Zealand Taiwan, Prov. of China Denmark Indonesia Nicaragua United Kingdom Dominican Republic Ireland Oman United States Ecuador Israel Peru Uruguay “TSA data around the World” will be published regularly every three years and only in English. The second expected release (by the second quarter of 2012) should take into account the new TSA:RMF 2008 in terms of tables, terminology and other type of clarifications with respect to the former 2000 official document. This publication is the first step taken by UNWTO towards the design of a process of technical assistance on-line for the countries that have answered the questionnaire in which support will be provided to their national projects (either through the exchange of best practices, exchange of national experiences, responses to requests of clarification concerning the new 2008 Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework, etc.). In the course of year 2010, we hope to be in the position to launch such initiative, as well as others to be defined, by which UNWTO would put into practice its responsibility as the custodian of the TSA brand. 2 The document is structured as follows: - Chapter 1 provides some overall comments and observations on the TSA data collected. - Chapter 2 offers the results from the questionnaire specifically designed for this publication that obtained the participation of 48 countries in answering questions about their present status in TSA development. - Chapter 3 presents, in a comparative manner, the collection of TSA data submitted to UNWTO by those countries (39) which had initiated a TSA exercise by the time of completing the questionnaire and encompasses a subgroup of the countries covered in Chapter 2. - Chapter 4 includes, for some of them, complementary information that might be of interest for readers. - A basic glossary explaining tourism and the measurement of its economic contribution is given in Chapter 5 after which an Annex provides some additional country-by-country information on basic macroeconomic aggregates and tourism data, as in the UNWTO Compendium of Tourism Statistics. 3 1. The TSA project around the world: overall comments1 As explicitly mentioned in the cover of the present document, UNWTO is presenting a preliminary draft of TSA data as compiled by countries around the world. These general comments are preliminary for three different types of reasons: - Various additional countries have already carried out a TSA exercise or are in a very advanced stage towards releasing TSA data in the coming months (that would be the case of countries such as Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Greece, etc.). This will hopefully compensate the present bias by which the present 39 countries that provided data (the list of them is provided on page 35) refer mostly to statistically advanced countries, half of them being European countries; - We hope also that these new responses help us to focus on some comments regarding the advance of the TSA Project, on the basis of the answers to the six series of tables that have been used to structure chapter 2: “Present status”; - Finally, UNWTO