The limpets of the Gulf of California (Patellidae, acmaeidae) Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Yensen, Nicholas Patrick Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 27/09/2021 05:29:30 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/566366 THE HMPETS OF THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA (PATELLIDAE, ACMAEIDAE) by Nicholas Patrick Yensen A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE WITH A MAJOR IN BIOLOGY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has heen submitted in partial fulfill­ ment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowl­ edgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the de­ partment or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: LA / 0 • 5 (Oft*-. WALTER BV MILLER V "Date Associate Professor of Biological Sciences ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to acknowledge the help of the people who have collected limpets for this study: Jeff Leis, William C. Clark, Lloyd T. Findley, William Reynolds, Karen Winner, and Richard Russell. I am indebted to the following curators of collec-' tions for allowing me to examine their limpet specimens: the late Dr. Leo Hertlein, Curator of Paleontology at the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; Dr. James H. McLean, Curator of Malacology at the Los Angeles County Museum, who has also allowed me to photograph his material and take material on loan from the museum; Dr. George Radwin, Curator of Marine Invertebrates at the San Diego Natural History Museum; Mr. Nelson Baker, Curator of Invertebrate Zoology at the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History; Dr. Stillman S. Berry, of Redlands, Calif., who graciously showed me his extensive personal collection; and Dr. Walter B. Miller and Mr. Dave Richman, Curator and Assistant Curator, respec­ tively, of the University of Arizona Invertebrate Collection, I am most grateful to Dr. Donald A. Thomson, Dr. W. B. Miller, Dr. John Hendrickson, and Dr. Jamie Maya who, through field trips to the Gulf of California, have given me the opportunity to collect and study living specimens of limpets from the Gulf of California. I would also like to acknowledge iii iv Dr. Henry Schafer, Director Of E.C.M.T, (Escuela de Ciencias Maritimas y Tecnologia de Alimentos de Institute Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey) for the use of the facilities at the Guaymas Marine Station during the summer of 1971. I am particularly indebted to Dr. W. B. Miller, who has gone out of his way to help me. He has given unrestricted use of his laboratory and facilities at The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. Encouragement and helpful advice have been given to me by Dr. G. Radwin, Dr. J. McLean, Dr. V/. Miller, Dr. D. Thomson, Dr. E. Stull, Mr. L. T. Findley, Mr. R. C. Brusca,, Miss-E..Snyder, and my brother and sister-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Eric Yensen. Errors and emendations remain the responsibility of the author. t TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LEST OF ILLUSTRATIONS................................. ix LEST OF TABLES......................................... xi ABSTRACT ............................................ xii 1. INTRODUCTION.................................... 1 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................... 5 Museum Methods Descriptions Similar Species ...... .............. R a n g e .................. .................. .. Photographs...................... .. Synonyms, Types, and Type Localities. Collections ........ ........................ Arrangement ............................... Field Methods . .......... .*• .............. Laboratory Methods ......... ............... GVvJlVjl OO-O CTsCTN CO VO “>0 3. TAXONOMY, MORPHOLOGY, DISTRIBUTION, AND HABITS OF GULF OF CALIFORNIA LIMPETS ..................... 11 Ancistromesus mexicanus (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829) . ........................................17 Shell Description.................... 1? Body D e s c r i p t i o n ...................... 19 Similar Species ............................ 19 Habitat ................................... 19 R a n g e ......................................... 19 Collisella acutapex (Berry, I960) .............. 25 Shell Description............................. 25 Body D e s c r i p t i o n .......... 27 Similar Species ...... ........ .... 27 H a b i t a t ....................................... 29 R a n g e ......................................... 29 Collisella atrata (Carpenter, 1857) ....... 29 Shell Description.................. 29 Body D e s c r i p t i o n .............................31 Similar Species ............................ 31 Habitat................................ 32 R a n g e ......................................... 32 v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS— Continued Page Collisella conus (Test, 1945) ••••••••♦ Shell Description.................. .. Body D e s c r i p t i o n .............. .. Similar Species .................... Habitat ................................... R a n g e ............................... Collisella dalliana (Pilsbry, 1891) .......... Shell Description .......... ....... Body Description.................... .. Similar Species .......................... Habitat ................................. » Range ..... .......................... Collisella discors (Philippi, 1849) .......... 39 Shell Description ........................ 39 Body Description ..... .............. 41 Similar Species .......... • ............ 41 Habitat ................... ................ 41 Range ..................................... 41 Collisella mitella (Menke, 1847).............. 42 Shell Description ........................ 42 Similar Species ...................... 42 Habitat ................................... 44 R a n g e ...................... .............. 44 Collisella nediculus (Philippi, 1846) ........ 44 Shell Description ........................ 44 Body Description ........................ 46 Similar Species ...... .............. 46 Habitat ........ .......... ...... Range ..................................... Collisella stanfordiana (Berry, 1957) . Shell Description ...................... Body Description ........................ Similar Species .................... Habitat ................... ................ R a n g e ................. ............. Collisella strigatella (Carpenter, 1864) • . Shell Description ........................ Body Description .............. .. Similar Species ............. .............. Habi t a t ................ .................. Range ..................................... Collisella strongiana (Hertlein, 1958)........ Shell Description . .................. Body Description ........................ Habitat ................................... R a n g e .................... .. ............. Collisella turveri■(Hertlein & Strong, 1951)• • vii TABLE OF CONTENTS— -Continued Shell Description ....... Body Description .......... Similar Species ........ Habitat............ .. R a n g e ................ .. Notoacmea fascicularis (Henke, 1851) Shell Description ....... Body Description ............ Similar Species .............. Habitat............ .. Range ........................ Patelloida semirubida (Dali, 1914). Shell Description ............ Similar Species .............. Habitat ...................... 8 Range . ...................... 64 Scurria mesoleuca (Menke, 1851) • • 65 Shell Description ............ 65 Body Description ............ 67 Similar Species .............. Habitat .......... .......... % Range ........................ 67 Morphological Relationships .... 68 4 . BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY ................ 74 Ancistromesus mexicanus .......... 74 Collisella acutapex .............. 75 Collise'lla atrata . ............. 77 Collisella conus ................ 78 Collisella dalliana ........ Collisella discors .............. Collisella mite11a ........ 80 Collisella nedieulus . ........ 80 Collisella stanforoiana .......... 81 Collisella strigatella .. ........ 86 Collisella strong!ana ........ 89 Collisella turveri .............. 91 Notoacmea fascicularis ...... 95 Patelloida semirubida ............ 94 Scurria mesoleuca ................ 94 5. ZOOGEOGRAPHY........ ................ 95 The Northern Gulf ................ 105 The Central Gulf ................ 106 The Southeastern Gulf ............ 107 The Southern Gulf ................ 108 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS— Continued Page SUMMARY........................................... 110 APPENDIX A: SYNONYMIES, TYPES, AND COLLECTIONS . 115 APPENDIX B. PREDATORS AND COMPETITORS .......... 135 LITERATURE C I T E D .............. 136 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Ancistromesus mexicanus (Broderip & Sowerby, IB29; . ...........