INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS ADVISORY GROUP REPRESENTATIVES OF L ANDCARE RESEARCH Dr D. Choquenot Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Dr T.K. Crosby and Dr M.-C. Larivière Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF U NIVERSITIES Dr R.M. Emberson Ecology and Entomology Group Soil, Plant, and Ecological Sciences Division P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF MUSEUMS Mr R.L. Palma Natural Environment Department Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF O VERSEAS I NSTITUTIONS Dr M. J. Fletcher Director of the Collections NSW Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit Forest Road, Orange NSW 2800, Australia * * * SERIES EDITOR Dr T. K. Crosby Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 50 Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) : catalogue M.-C. Larivière and A. Larochelle with colour photographs by B. E. Rhode Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand [email protected] [email protected] Manaaki W h e n u a PRESS Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand 2004 4 Larivière & Larochelle (2004): Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera): catalogue Copyright © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2004 No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping information retrieval systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher. Cataloguing in publication LARIVIÈRE, MARIE-CLAUDE Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera): catalogue / M.-C. Larivière & A. Larochelle, with colour photographs by B. E. Rhode – Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, 2004. (Fauna of New Zealand, ISSN 0111–5383 ; no. 50). ISBN 0-478-09358-6 I. Larochelle, André, 1940 Apr. 10– II. Title III. Series UDC 595.754 Suggested citation: Larivière, M.-C.; Larochelle, A. 2004. Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera): catalogue. Fauna of New Zealand 50, 330 pp. Prepared for publication by the series editor and the authors using computer-based text processing, layout, and printing at Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand. Colour photographs prepared by Dr B. E. Rhode using a 3-CCD colour video camera, the software Auto- Montage® to increase depth-of-field, and the photoprocessing software PhotoShop® M~ori text by H. Jacob, Levin. Published by Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. Website: http://www.mwpress.co.nz/ Printed by PrintLink Ltd, Wellington Front cover: Tretocoris grandis Usinger & Matsuda, 1959 (Aradidae) (Illustrator: D. W. Helmore). Publication of the Fauna of New Zealand series is the result of a research investment by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology under contract number C09X0202. Fauna of New Zealand 50 5 POPULAR SUMMARY HE WHAKARAPOPOTOTANGA Class Insecta Order Hemiptera Suborder Heteroptera True bugs (Heteroptera) Heteroptera, or true bugs, are generally regarded as a suborder of the Hemiptera. There may be around 37 000 described species worldwide, and possibly another 25 000 species re- maining to be described. The world fauna is divided into roughly 75 families. The number of species of better known conti- nental faunas such as North America, Europe, or Australia, may be around 2 000 or 5 000 species. Compared with these larger regions the New Zealand fauna – currently comprising Illustration / Whakaahua: Nothochromus maoricus 29 families, 136 genera, and 305 species – may appear rela- Slater, Woodward & Sweet, 1962 (Artheneidae) (Illustra- tively small, but what it lacks in size it makes up in unique- tor / Kaiwhakaahua: D. W. Helmore). ness, e.g., 82% of known species do not occur anywhere else in the world. From this point of view New Zealand can be E whakaaetia wh~nuitia ana he pãtoi iti a Heteroptera (ng~ regarded as a biodiversity “hot spot” for true bugs. Once pepeke wahangote tãturu) nÇ ng~i Hemiptera. Kei te ~hua described, the New Zealand fauna will probably reach 400 to 37,000 pea ng~ momo kua whakaahuatia ~-kupu, huri i te ao, 500 species. Faunal affinities are greatest with southeastern me t‘ tahi atu 25,000 k~ore anÇ i whakaahuatia. Kua Australia. wehewehea ng~ momo ki ‘tahi wh~nau ~hua 75 nei. Ko te The question of what is a true bug is not necessarily easy maha o ng~ momo i ng~ k~hui e kaha ake ana te mÇhiotia, to answer since there may not be one unique defining p‘r~ i Ç Amerika ki te Raki, i Ç âropi, i Ç Ahitereiria, ko tÇna character shared by all species. Nevertheless, it is probably 2 000–2 500 pea. He tokoiti tonu te k~hui Heteroptera ki possible to recognise most true bugs on the basis of three Aotearoa ina whakatairitea ki Ç ‘r~ whenua rahi, in~ r~, e 29 main characteristics: sucking mouthparts in the form of a noa ng~ wh~nau, 136 ng~ puninga, e 305 ng~ momo, engari segmented beak extending from the front of the head and me kÇrero tÇna ahurei ka tika. Hei tauira, ko t‘tahi 82% o running backward along its underside; slightly overlapping ng~ momo o konei e mÇhiotia ana, k~ore e kitea i whenua k‘. forewings lying almost flat over the abdomen; and each Me k§p‘nei ake, he ~huru mÇwai tonu a Aotearoa mÇ ng~ forewing base being much thicker than the tip (hence the pepeke wahangote. Ina oti katoa ng~ mea o Aotearoa te name Heteroptera, derived from the Greek words heteros whakaahua ~-kupu, t‘r~ te eke ki te 400–500 momo. Ko Çna (different or other) and pteron (wing), referring to the k~wai torokaha, ki ng~ momo i te tonga-m~-r~whiti o nonuniform texture of the forewings). Ahitereiria. While it is relatively easy to recognise a true bug, it may He uaua te whakautu i te p~tai he aha koia t‘nei mea te be more difficult to identify it at the species level. Heteroptera pepeke wahangote tãturu, i te mea karekau pea he ~huatanga often show a high degree of morphological similarity within motuhake kotahi e kitea ana i ng~ momo katoa. Heoi anÇ, e genera, high taxonomic diversity overall, and striking toru ng~ ~huatanga tinana matua e mÇhiotia ai te nuinga o ecological preferences. ng~ pepeke wahangote: he whai w~hanga ngote te waha, ar~, The Heteroptera are the largest and most diverse group he ngutu w~hanga-maha ka rere mai i mua o te ãpoko ki raro of insects with incomplete metamorphosis. As such, their life r~ anÇ; ko ng~ parirau o mua ka ~hua §nakinaki, me te tatao cycle involves an egg stage, a series of nymphs (usually 5) or anÇ ki te puku; he m~totoru noa ake te pãtake o te parirau o growing stages that look progressively similar to the adult, mua, t‘n~ i te pito (nÇ reira mai hoki te ingoa Heteroptera, i and finally an adult stage. ahu mai i ng~ kupu Kariki heteros (ar~, he rerek‘) me te True bugs are a highly adaptable group that has managed pteron (parirau), e tohu ana i te rerek‘ o te m~totoru i t‘n~ to occupy most terrestrial as well as many aquatic and semi- w~hi, i t‘n~ w~hi o te parirau o mua). aquatic habitats and to adopt remarkably diverse life habits Ahakoa m~m~ pea te whakatau ~e, he pepeke wahangote on nearly all continents and most islands, suggesting a long t‘r~, k~ore r~nei, ka uaua ake te ~ta wehewehe i ng~ momo, evolutionary history for the group. t‘tahi i t‘tahi. He kaha tonu te rite o te hanga i roto i ia As a result, Heteroptera are well represented in New puninga, engari ina tiro wh~nui ki ng~ puninga katoa, he Zealand entomological museums and collections. Despite this, matahuhua tonu te hanga, ~, he tino rerek‘ ng~ ~huatanga no up-to-date catalogue has been published following Wise’s taupuhi kaiao e pai ana ki t‘n~, ki t‘n~. (continued overleaf) (haere tonu) 6 Larivière & Larochelle (2004): Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera): catalogue (1977) “... synonymic checklist of the Hexapoda of the New O ng~ pepeke k~huarau pahara, ko ng~i Heteroptera te Zealand sub-region...”, which enumerated 100 genera and huinga pepeke nui katoa, matahuhua katoa. Mai i te 170 species. Numerous name changes and new genera and wh~nautanga ki te matenga, kotahi te tã~tipu hua, he maha species (over 160) have been published since then, and ng~ tã~tipu punua (e 5 Ç te nuinga), ng~ tã~tipu r~nei ka rite although the above checklist is still useful, it no longer reflects haere ki tÇ te pakeke te ~hua, ~, ko te k~hua whakamutunga, current knowledge of the fauna. Hence the reason for writing ko te pakeke tonu. this new catalogue, which aims to answer the questions He k~hui kaha te urutau ng~ pepeke wahangote. Kua commonly asked about any group of insects: What, where, tomo atu r~tou i te nuinga o ng~ ripoinga whenua, me te maha when, and how? What Heteroptera occur in New Zealand? atu o ng~ ripoinga wai, kua tino matahuhua anÇ ~ r~tou What is their status (e.g., native, introduced from elsewhere, kawenga e ora ai r~tou i te tini o ng~ whenua rahi me ng~ pests, beneficial predators)? What are the resources available moutere, e tohu ana kua aua atu pea te w~ e kukune haere ana to identify and study them? Where do species and genera ng~ pepeke wahangote nei ki te mata o te whenua. occur (e.g., geographic distribution in New Zealand and Me te aha, kei te kaha te kitea o ng~i Heteroptera i ng~ overseas, habitats, dispersal abilities)? When are they active kohinga me ng~ whare pupuri pepeke o Aotearoa.