THE EFFECTS OF LOVELESS MARRIAGE ON HUMAN SEXUALITY REVEALED BY THE MAIN CHARACTERS OF JUNICHIRO TANIZAKI’S THE KEY AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By EMERENSIA ROSWITA NAGE RAGA Student Number: 034214031 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2008 THE EFFECTS OF LOVELESS MARRIAGE ON HUMAN SEXUALITY REVEALED BY THE MAIN CHARACTERS OF JUNICHIRO TANIZAKI’S THE KEY AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By EMERENSIA ROSWITA NAGE RAGA Student Number: 034214031 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2008 i ii iii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma : Nama : Emerensia Roswita Nage Raga Nomor Mahasiswa : 034214031 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul: The Effects of Loveless Marriage on Human Sexuality Revealed by the Main Characters of Junichiro Tanizaki’s The Key beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal: 10 April 2008 Yang menyatakan (Emerensia Roswita Nage Raga) The path that I’m walking I must go alone I must take the baby steps ‘till I’m full grown Fairytales don’t always have a happy ending, do they? And I foresee the dark ahead if I stay (Big Girls Don’t Cry-Fergie) This undergraduate thesis is dedicated to My beloved parents My brothers and sisters iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I praised my Lord Jesus Christ and Mother Mary for all blessings so that I was able to do my best to finish this undergraduate thesis. Therefore, I would like to express my deepest gratitude for the following people. My greatest gratitude comes to Dewi Widyastuti, S.Pd., M. Hum as my advisor who had been willing to guide me and also to spend her time for reading and guiding me to finish this thesis. No doubt that this undergraduate thesis will not be finished without her advice and assistance from month-to-month. I would like to show my gratitude to Dra. Theresia Enny Anggraini, M. A. as my co- advisor who had been willing to read and correcting this thesis. I also show my deep gratitude for all lecturers of English Letters for sharing all their knowledge, and for the secretariat staff for the help and service. My greatest love goes to my beloved parents, (†)Bonefasius Raga, BA and Paulina Kii for the unconditional love, understanding and support. I am very proud to have you as my parents who let me be myself and never blame me for all my mistakes but let me fix them by myself. My love also goes to my brothers (†)Milus and Yoan, my sisters Angly, Melni, Anna, and Inne for understanding my bad characteristics, and to my big family in Sumba and Flores for the kindness and love. Next, I would give big thanks to Riany and fr. Frid Amtonis, CSsR for the friendship, understanding, support and time we shared together. I was so grateful to have Ka Cici, Ka Mia Parera, Ka Ima Monteiro, Ka Helen, Ka Marcel, Encik, Erin, Ardicku, Fatno, Ito Siga, Adi Malo, The Hugo’s sisters- v Detty, Arum, Ratna-, Lely da Silva, Ida Kakang, Nino, Erni Langgar, Ivon Jehamat, Indri Malo, Icul, Jimmy, Patrick, Loritha, Yusta, Lien, and Etty as my brothers and sisters who are always here to accompany and support me especially when I was in my bad time. Also I would give thanks to my Syuradikara’s friends: Elvira, Uchiek, Fanny, Hilda, Suzan, Inlar, Linda, Reni, Abbe, Rith, Felix and Tony for our togetherness. My life would be so monotonous without my dear 03’ friends in my campus: Ella, Prita, Widhy, Tyaz, Yayac, Vallone, Ronald, Frieda, Ajenk, Lucy, Armando, Richard, Dian, Jonathan, Putri, Alice, Meme, Tika, Jonny, Danang also Ketan Item a.k.a We Won’t Pay crews. I thank them for being my best friends for five years. Hope our friendship will remain the same. I would not forget to give thanks to all crews of Wisma Sang Penebus Nandan for the support and encouragement to finish my undergraduate thesis. Then, the thanks will go to the family of Y. Rillo Sudarso in Kasihan, Bantul, the family of F.X. Sunaryo and all friends in Menur 11a for all of kindness and attention. The last, I would show my gratitude for all people whose names are not mentioned here who give a lot of contributions during the writing of this undergraduate thesis. Emerensia Roswita Nage Raga vi TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE.................................................................................................. i APPROVAL PAGE........................................................................................ ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE.................................................................................. iii MOTTO PAGE …………………………………………………………… . iv DEDICATION PAGE ……………………………………………………... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................... vii ABSTRACT.................................................................................................... viii ABSTRAK....................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 1 A. Background of the Study...................................................................... 1 B. Problem Formulation............................................................................ 3 C. Objectives of the Study......................................................................... 4 D. Definition of Terms.............................................................................. 4 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW ................................................ 6 A. Review of Related Studies ................................................................... 6 B. Review of Related Theories ................................................................. 8 1. Theory on Character and Characterization....................................... 8 2. The Relation between Literature and Psychology ........................... 10 3. Theory of Love and Marriage .......................................................... 11 4. Theory of Human Sexuality ………………………………………. 16 C. Theoretical Framework......................................................................... 23 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ............................................................ 24 A. Object of the Study ............................................................................. 24 B. Approach of the Study ......................................................................... 25 C. Method of the Study............................................................................. 26 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ........................................................................ 27 A. The Characteristics of the Main Characters......................................... 27 B. The Causes of Loveless Marriage ....................................................... 36 C. The Effects of Loveless Marriage on Human Sexuality....................... 45 1. The Sexual Ideas .............................................................................. 46 2. The Sexual Attitude ......................................................................... 51 3. The Sexual Behaviours .................................................................... 53 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION .................................................................. 59 BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………... 64 vii ABSTRACT Emerensia Roswita Nage Raga. The Effects of Loveless Marriage on Human Sexuality Revealed by the Main Characters of Junichiro Tanizaki’s The Key. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2008 Love and sex can not be separated from the aspect of human life especially when related to the marital life. They are elements which support each other to gain the happiness in a marriage. Love is the reason why a man and a woman end in a marriage, even though it is not the main point of the successful marriage. The commitment and communication can be the other points. In a marriage, sex can be the way to communicate because it expresses the deepest feeling of each other in an intimate way. The Key by Junichiro Tanizaki is a novel which has theme about sexuality in marital life. The main characters are a husband and a wife who experience a loveless marriage, thus it affects their sexuality. The study has three objectives. First, to find out the characteristics of the main characters. Second, to find out the possible factors that cause the main characters of The Key, in particular the husband and the wife, experience the loveless marriage. The last is to find out how the loveless