Singh et al. Curr. Rese. Agri. Far. (2020) 1(4), 24-30 ISSN: 2582 – 7146 Available online at www.agrifarming.org DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-7146.123 ISSN: 2582 – 7146 Curr. Rese. Agri. Far. (2020) 1(4), 24-30 Review Article Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Open Access Journal A Review: Multiplication of Grewia asiatica L. (Phalsa) via Cutting Krishan Kumar Singh1*, J.M.S. Rawat2, J. S. Chauhan3 and Prabhat Kumar4 1Department of Horticulture, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal (Uttarakhand) India 2Government Degree College, Rudraprayag, (Uttarakhand) India 3Dept. of Seed Science and Technology, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal (Uttarakhand) India 4ICAR National Agricultural Higher Education Project, ICAR New Delhi *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 25.10.2020 | Revised: 29.11.2020 | Accepted: 10.12.2020 ABSTRACT Asexsually phalsa plant can be propagated through cuttings as well as layering. Both, sort of cutting and time of planting greatly influence rooting of phalsa. However, the time of preparation of cuttings in phalsa altogether influenced the success of root commencement, the best time of cuttings preparation and planting is identified with the climatic conditions and physiological state of the plant. Auxin application has been found to expand the histological highlights like development of callus and division of vascular tissue. The best establishing was generally found in cuttings taken from the lower part of the shoots. In propagation of phalsa plant, misting have been extensively utilized for establishing of various sorts of cutting. Keywords: Phalsa, Propagation, Cutting, Auxins, Rooting. INTRODUCTION acidic and good source of vitamin – A, C and Phalsa (Grewia asiatica L.), is one of the minerals. Mostly fruits are consumed as fresh important arid and semi arid, hardy fruit crop fruit but has excellent properties for suitable for cultivation in the large area of processing. Fruits shows cooling effects on the waste land regions with adverse soil and human body whereas unripe fruits reported to climatic conditions where other fruit crops alleviates inflammation and is administed in fails to survive and produce profitable yield. respiratory, cardiac, blood disorders as well as Except higher alititudes, it can be grown in in fever reduction (Morton, 1987). Basket any climate. It behaves evergreen in regions made from the pruned shoots are strong and having no winter and produce more flushes can be used for packing, handling puposes resulted in yields of poor quality fruits. Mature during transportation of fruits and vegetables. plants can tolerates the low temperature for a Pruned shoots are also used for supporting short period. vegetable crops and extract fiber for ropes Phalsa plant can tolerate as high as preparation. 45ºC (Pujari, 2012) which makes it an ideal Sexual propagation method of Phalsa fruit crop preferred for dry land horticulture is very common in India. and silvi-horticulture. Fruits of phalsa are sub- Cite this article: Singh, K.K., Rawat, J.M.S., Chauhan, J. S., & Kumar, P. (2020). A Review: Multiplication of Grewia asiatica L. (Phalsa) via Cutting, Curr. Rese. Agri. Far. 1(4), 24-30. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-7146.123 This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0. Copyright © Nov.-Dec., 2020; CRAF 24 Singh et al. Curr. Rese. Agri. Far. (2020) 1(4), 24-30 ISSN: 2582 – 7146 Seed lose viability greatly within three months regulators are to be used to improve its when stored in ambient condition and hence, maximum rooting ability (Yadav & Rajput, fresh seed from fully ripe fruits should only be 1969). Hence, it is possible that optimum use sown. Also seedlings have long phase of of bio regulators and suitable planting time juvenility and there is no uniformity in growth, would help for multiplication in propagation of yield and quality of fruits. Propagation by phalsa cuttings. Rooting efficiency would be rooting of hardwood cuttings is also possible better when it is done in control conditions in Phalsa (Samson, 1986). Hardwood cutting such as mist chamber. and time of planting influence rooting of Effect of Time Grewia asiatica (Singh et al., 1961). Jadhav The time of preparation of cuttings in phalsa (2007) showed that the time of preparation of affected the extent and success of root cuttings in phalsa greatly affected the extent formation, the suitable time of cuttings and success of root initiation, the optimum preparation and planting is related to the time of cuttings preparation and planting is physiological condition of the plant and related to the physiological condition of the conditions (Singh et al., 1961). This may be plant and climatic conditions. Both time of affected by season and several factors such as cutting collection and rooting success varies temperature, light and nutrient availability to with the climatic condition and prevailing the rooting and survival percentage of cuttings. outdoor temperature. The minimum rooting percentage during The stem cuttings can give good winter may be credited to temperature level at rooting and survival, when cuttings are taken the planting time. in December (Bal et al., 2000). Improved Srivastava (1996) reported that the climatic conditions under different plant maximum root length, number of roots and propagating structures like mist chamber, survival percentage of hard wood cutting of greenhouse, net house etc are now widely phalsa observed under 2000 and 3000 ppm utilized in plant propagation. Improved concentration of IBA. Quite a lot of factors climatic conditions under different plant such as species and specific variety needs, propagating structures like mist chamber, position of shoot, source, cutting type, greenhouse, net house etc are now widely condition of stock plant, wounding or leaf utilized in plant propagation. Intermittent removal, girdiling of stock plant, time or misting makes a continuous film of water on season of cutting and growing conditions such the leaves, thus reducing transpiration by as use of hormones, rooting media, mist, increasing moisture around the leaf surface bottom heat, fertilizer, and light greatly and keeping the cutting turgid until rooting influenced the rooting capacity of stem take place (Langhans, 1955). In this way, cuttings in plants (Hartmann et al., 2002). Creating humid atmosphere by means of Kumar et al. (2007) showed that the rooting of artificial mist around the planted cuttings Phalsa cuttings was recorded under July prevents damage even from bright sunshine, planting time. October to December were not proved to enhance the process of rooting found suitable forcuttings. July is found (Prolings & Therios, 1976). Some success has suitable for rooting of Phalsa cuttings. been achieved in rooting of hardwood cuttings Singh et al. (1961) reported that the in phalsa with the use of synthetic auxin, rooting percentage was maximum in stem especially Indole-3-butyric acid (Jauhari, cutting of phalsa under July-August planting 1960). time. The time of preparation of cuttings in Srivastava (1996) observed that the phalsa greatly affects the extent and success of maximum root length, number of roots per root formation, the best time of cuttings cutting and percentage survival was observed preparation and planting is related to the under 2000 and 3000 ppm concentration of physiological condition of the plant and IBA with hard wood cutting of phalsa. Bio- climatic conditions. This may be affected by Copyright © Nov.-Dec., 2020; CRAF 25 Singh et al. Curr. Rese. Agri. Far. (2020) 1(4), 24-30 ISSN: 2582 – 7146 season and several factors such as light, Similarly, Srivastava et al. (1998) observed the temperature and nutrient availability to the best results in rooting of Phalsa cuttings rooting and survival percentage of cuttings. treated with 2000ppm IBA when compared Cuttings of winter season might have been with 100 and 300 ppm concentrations of IBA. carrying maximum inhibitor to induce roots or Some success has been achieved in they might have higher nitrogen to rooting of hardwood cuttings in Phalsa with carbohydrate ratio to produce roots in the the use of synthetic auxin, especially Indole-3- cuttings. Lower temperature may also be one butyric acid (Jauhari, 1960). The best rooting the reason for lower rooting in winter season in Phalsa hardwood cuttings was obtained cuttings as it slow down the process of root treatment with IBA at 200 ppm. Highest root initiation. length, rooting percentage and number of roots Singh (2015) showed that the highest is showed that hardwood cutting treated with rooting percentage, length of shoot, diameter IBA 400 ppm + NAA 200 ppm. Survival of of root and number of sprouts was observed the plants develop through hard wood cuttings under June planting time. Kumar et al. (2007) treated with IBA 400 ppm + NAA 200 ppm, in which they have tried different seasons and IBA 100 ppm and IBA 400 ppm was found the found best rooting of Phalsa cuttings in the maximum (Singh et al., 2015). Davis and month of July in open and mist conditions. Haissig (1990) reported that including a little Singh (2017) recorded that the maximum level of certain phenoxy mixes to either IBA number of sprouted cutting, survival or IAA enhanced rooting and formed superior percentage of cutting, length of longest sprout, root system than those got when phenoxy percentage of rooted cutting, number of mixes are utilized alone. primary roots, and length of root diameter of Singh et al. (2015) recorded