Peripheral Eudicots 122 Eudicots - Eudicotyledon (Zweikeimblättrige) Peripheral Eudicots - Periphere Eudicotyledonen Order: Ranunculales Dumortier (1829) Menispermaceae A. Jussieu, Gen. Pl. 284. 1789; nom. cons. Key to the genera: 1a. Main basal veins and their outer branches leading directly to margin ………..2 1b. Main basal vein and their outer branches are not leading to margin .……….. 3 2a. Sepals 6 in 2 whorls ……………………………………… Tinospora 2b. Sepals 8–12 in 3 or 4 whorls ................................................. Pericampylus 3a. Flowers and fruits in pedunculate umbel-like cymes or discoid heads, these often in compound umbels, sometimes forming a terminal thyrse …...................… Stephania 3b. Flowers and fruits in a simple cymes, these flat-topped or in elongated thyrses, sometimes racemelike ………………………........................................... Cissampelos CISSAMPELOS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1031. 1753. Cissampelos pareira Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1031. 1753; H. Kanai in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 1: 94. 1966; Grierson in Grierson et Long, Fl. Bhut. 1(2): 336. 1984; Prain, Beng. Pl. 1: 208. 1903.Cissampelos argentea Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: 67. 1821. Cissampelos pareira Linnaeus var. hirsuta (Buchanan– Hamilton ex de Candolle) Forman, Kew Bull. 22: 356. 1968. Woody vines. Branches slender, striate, usually densely pubescent. Petioles shorter than lamina; leaf blade cordate-rotunded to rotunded, 2 – 7 cm long and wide, papery, abaxially densely pubescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent, base often cordate, sometimes subtruncate, rarely slightly rounded, apex often emarginate, with a mucronate acumen, palmately 5 – 7 veined. Male inflorescences axillary, solitary or few fascicled, corymbose cymes, pubescent. Female inflorescences thyrsoid, narrow, up to 18 cm, usually less than 10 cm; bracts foliaceous and suborbicular, overlapping along rachis, densely pubescent. Female flowers: sepals broadly obovate; petals minute. Drupes pubescent; endocarp broadly obovate. Flowers & Fruits: August to January. Specimen Cited: Forest, Rajib & AP Das 0032, dated 05. 02. 2007. Local Distribution: Forested areas, on bushes. General Distribution: Pantropical in Asia. STEPHANIA Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 598, 608. 1790. Key to the species: 1a. Perianth in female flowers asymmetrical …………..................……… S. glabra 1b. Perianth in female flowers symmetrical …………….....................…… S. japonica Stephania glabra (Roxburgh) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 18: 14. 1866; Contrib. Bot. 3: 217. 1817; H. Hara in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 2: 36. 1971;Grierson in Grierson et Long, Fl. Bhut. 1(2): 336. 1984; Sharma et al., Fl. Ind. 1: 334. 1993. Cissampelos glabra Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 3: 840. 1832. Stephania rotunda Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 608. 1790. Vernacular name: Bhuin kumra. Rootstock often tuberous. Lamina ovate or suborbicular, acute or subacute, base rounded, glabrous. Inflorescence usually axillary; pedunculate umbel-like cymes or discoid heads, these often in compound Peripheral Eudicots 123 umbels, sometimes forming a terminal thyrse peduncles umbels slender in male, generally stouter in female; Perianth in female flowers asymmetric. Fruits suborbicular, reddish on ripening. Flowers & Fruits: April to July. Specimen Cited: Forest, Rajib & AP Das 0098, dated 07. 02. 2007. Local Distribution: Forested areas. General Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Nagaland, Tropical Himalayas, Western Peninsula; Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, China. Stephania japonica (Thunberg ex J.A. Murray) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, 18: 14. 1866; H. Kanai in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 1: 95. 1966; Hooker f. et Thomson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 103. 1872; Grierson in Grierson et Long, Fl. Bhut. 1(2): 337. 1984; Sharma et al., Fl. Ind. 1: 335. 1993; Menispermum japonicum Thunberg ex J.A. Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14: 892. 1784. Slender twiner. Lamina deltoid, acuminate, rounded, entire, sparsely pubescent beneath. Umbels axillary; male flowers sessile in dense capitate clusters; sepals oblanceolate, petals obovate; female inflorescence a pedunculate umbel-like cyme or discoid heads, these often in compound umbels, sometimes forming a terminal thyrse; female flowers similar to male; perianth in female flowers symmetric. Fruits suborbicular, red on ripening. Flowers & Fruits: May to December. Specimen Cited: Forest, Rajib & AP Das 0518, dated 23. 07. 2007. Local Distribution: Forest areas. General Distribution: Tropical to temperate regions of Asia and Africa. TINOSPORA Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 7: 35, 38. 1851, nom. cons. Tinospora cordifolia (Willdenow) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2 7: 35, 38. 1851. Menispermum cordifolium Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: 826. 1806. Tinospora cordifolia (Willdenow) Hooker f. et Thomson, Fl. Indica. 184. 1855; Hooker f. et Thomson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 97. 1872; Grierson in Grierson et Long, Fl. Bhut. 1(2): 335. 1984; Sharma et al., Fl. Ind. 1: 347. 1993. Vernacular name: Gulancha. Large twiner with long slender (thread-like) arial roots. Lamina broadly ovate, abruptly acuminate, base cordate, glandular domatia in veins axils on lower surface, otherwise glabrous. Male flowers in few-flowered clusters, female flowers borne singly along axis. Outer sepals ovate in male, inner elliptic; petals obovate. Female flowers with sepals and petals similar to male; staminodes linear, carpels ellipsoid. Drupes red. Flowers & Fruits: January to May. Specimen Cited: Forest, Rajib & AP Das 0551, dated 24. 07. 2007. Local Distribution: Forest areas. General Distribution: India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Myanmar. PERICAMPYLUS Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 7: 36, 40. 1851, nom. cons. Pericampylus glaucus (Lamarck) Merrill, Interpr. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. 219. 1917; H. Kanai in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 1: 95. 1966; Grierson in Grierson et Long, Fl. Bhut. 1(2): 336. 1984; Sharma et al., Fl. Ind. 1: 330. 1993. Menispermum glaucum Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. 4: 100. 1797. Pericampylus formosanus Diels, Pflanzenr. IV. 94: 221, f. 75, 221. 1910. Peripheral Eudicots 124 Base with a globose woody tuber. Lamina triangular-ovate to triangular-oblong, base subtruncate to cordate, rarely broadly cuneate, margin crenate or subentire, apex obtuse or rounded, rarely mucronate, apiculate. Inflorescences corymbose cymes. Drupes red or purple. Flowers & Fruits: Apirl to October. Specimen Cited: Forest, Rajib & AP Das 0254, dated 10. 02. 2007. Local Distribution: Forest areas. General Distribution: India: Eastern Himalaya, West Bengal, Assam; Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Taiwan, Japan, Malaysia. Papaveraceae A. Jussieu, Gen. Pl. 235. 1789; nom. cons. Key to the Genera: 1a. Spinescent stem with yellow latex, lamina prickly on lower surface … Argemone 1b. Stem spineless with watery latex, lamina prickle less ………………… Fumaria ARGEMONE Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 508. 1753. Argemone mexicana Linnaeus, Sp. P1. 1: 508. 1753; H. Hara in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 1: 103. 1966; Long in Grierson et Long, Fl. Bhut. 1(2): 402. 1984; Hooker f. et Thomson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 117.1872; Prain, Beng. Pl. 1: 215.1903; Sharma et al., Fl. Ind. 2: 2. 1993; Hajra et al., Fl. West Beng. 1: 405, 1997. Argemone mexicana var. lutea Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 12. 1891. Argemone vulgaris Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. 7: 26. 1839. Argemone spinosa Gaterau, Descr. Pl. Montauban 99. 1789. [PLATE: 8, Figure-76] Vernacular name: Sheyalkanta. Annuals, 40 – 90 cm high, much spinescent with yellow latex. Leaves sessile, elliptic – obovate, cordate, pinnatifid, 2 –18 x 1.5 8 cm; segments dentate, spiny along margins, glaucous green, prickly on lower surface, smooth above. Flowers in terminal cluster, bright yellow, 3 – 6 cm in diameter, sessile. Sepals elliptic, 8 –15 x 6 – 9 mm, prickly out side. Petals 4 –6, imbricate, obovate. Stamens many, 9 –10 mm long, filaments yellow, anthers 2 mm, yellow. Ovary ovoid, 10 –12 x 3 –5 mm. Capsules oblong; seeds many, deeply reticulate, blackish brown. Flowers & Fruits: February to July. Specimen Cited: Batikata Beel, Rajib & AP Das 0294, dated 10. 02. 2007. Local Distribution: Marginal areas of Beels. General Distribution: Throughout India. Native of tropical America. FUMARIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 699. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 314, 1754. Fumaria indica (Hasskarl) Pugsley, Jour. L. Soc. Bot. 44: 313. 1919; Long in Grierson et Long, Fl. Bhut. 1(2): 384. 1984; Fumaria vaillantii Loisel var. indica Hasskarl., Fl. Ind. 56: 443. 1873; Fumaria parviflora sensu Wight et Arnott, Prodr. 1: 18. 1834; Prain, Beng. Pl. 1: 143. 1963; Sharma et al., Fl. Ind. 2: 34. Fumaria parviflora var. indica (Haussk) Parsa, Fl. Iran 2: 490. 1986. Fumaria vaillantii Loiseleur in Desvaux, Jour. de Bot. 2: 358. 1809; H. Hara in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 1: 104. 1966. Small, erect much branched herbs. Stem glabrous, much branched, grooved. Leaves decompounds, multifid, glaucus, 3 x 2 cm; ultimate lobes flat, narrowly linear to linear – lanceolate, entire, acute, mucronate. Flowers pink in a 18 – 22 flowered racemes; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, equal, membranous. Sepal lanceolate, caduceus. Filament connate. Ovary glabrous; style slender. Peripheral Eudicots 125 Flowers & Fruits: December to March. Specimen Cited: Children Park, Rajib & AP Das 0331, dated 21. 07. 2007. Local Distribution: Behind the Panchayet Samiti Guest House. General Distribution: India: West Bengal, Assam, Bihar, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Maharastra, Karnataka, Tamilnadu; Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan to West Asia. Ranunculaceae A. Jussieu, Gen. Pl. 231. 1789; nom. Cons. Key to the Genera: 1a.