SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ___________________________________________________________________________ AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF MALTA CAMPUS MARSASCALA SITE Marvin Formosa PhD Joe Gerada MA, FCIPD ___________________________________________________________________________ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project description 1.2 Social Impact Assessment 1.3 Methodology 2 SIA PHASE 1: THE MARSASCALA COMMUNITY 2.1 The historical context 2.2 The cultural context 2.3 Population and socio-economic structures 2.3.1 Population 2.3.2 Education 2.3.3 Employment 2.3.4 Risk-of-poverty 2.3.5 Health 3 SIA PHASE 2: ASSESSING THE SOCIAL IMPACT 3.1 Population impacts 3.2 Community/Institutional arrangements 3.3 Possible conflicts 3.4 Individual and family level impacts 3.5 Community infrastructure needs 3.6 Mitigation issues 4 CONCLUSION REFERENCES 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ___________________________________________________________________________ Considerations of the social impacts of major projects would not be complete if the perceptions of the residents and stakeholders are overlooked. This Social Impact Assessment focuses on the possibility that the American University of Malta opens a campus in Marsascala. Residents and stakeholders in Marsascala were generally in favour to the possibility that a foreign university - the American University of Malta - establishes a campus in Zonqor. Positive attitudes were based on the perception that (i) this project is a prestigious project and therefore improves the image of the South and Marsascala in particular: (ii) the rental market for accommodation will rise and benefits the owners of the apartments: (iii) the catering and entertainment business can bank on an all year round cliental, as the families of the students shall visit all year round: (iv) new businesses will be set up to cater for the needs of the students but also to serve a community with higher spending power: (v) the diversity of cultures shall create a new paradigm which may lead to new types of businesses, events and activities: (vi) research conducted by the University can be tested in Marsascala and the benefits reaped by the residents of the town. Innovative projects may include new technology, alternative energy etc.: (vii) the University may satisfy its Corporate Social Responsibility through funding of local social and sports projects such upgrading the public pool at Zonqor, supporting financially and through expertise the local swimming and waterpolo teams; (viii) Corporate Social Responsibility may also include bursaries granted by the University to young people hailing from Marsascala and ad hoc educational courses for the locals; (ix) increased job opportunities for people in the locality and in the region; and (x) the American University of Malta an be the catalyst that will bring the renaissance that is much needed in the South. Fieldwork uncovered key concerns on behalf of residents about possible negative implications if the American University of Malta opens a campus in Marsascala. Issues that stood out included (i) probable increase in traffic; (ii) possible decrease in parking facilities; (iii) chance that the increase in the number of students would lead to the establishment of number of bars and clubs that would transform Marsascala into a, in informants’ own words, “Paceville of the South”; (iv) plausible rise in housing renting prices that would effect negatively prospective tenants in low-income brackets and the young; (v) a risk that the present drainage system will not keep up with the projected increase of students in the locality, (vi) a concern that any new roads constructed for the project shall require the expropriation of agricultural land which many expressed a wish to keep to a bare minimum; and (vii) the possibility of loss of income to some individuals who work the land, (viii) and unease that the current road infrastructure is inadequate to support the heavy vehicles that shall need to access the site during construction which shall cause inconvenience to the residents. The Social Impact Assessment also enquired respondents about the possible mitigation strategies that they wish the government to implement so as to safeguard their interests and optimise outcomes for their local community, as well as compensate for the inconveniences they will experience as the result of the establishment of a campus operated by the American University of Malta. Mitigation possibilities included making suitable arrangements for traffic and parking spaces management, transparency, durable drainage system, active citizenship / political participation, and good governance as regards applications for the opening of new leisure establishments. 1 1 INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________________________________ 1.1 Project description Government is considering various sites for the location of the proposed American University. One of the sites that is presently being considered, amongst others, is Marsascala. The proposed American University of Malta will include five colleges and all the amenities expected in a modern-day university. These five collages will include buildings not exceeding three floors and will also take into consideration the topography of the existing sites and the surrounding environments. As to facilities, it will include what is generally expected of any contemporary day university, including lecture halls, labs, workshops, research and development areas, library, dormitory and ample sport facilities. Not only will the American University of Malta give importance to the surrounding environment in its plans but it will be sensitive to surrounding properties so that their market value will possibly grow. The American University of Malta will be focusing on Engineering, Communications, Information Technology and Medical Science. Degrees awarded by the American University of Malta will be accepted by any country that recognises the Bologna accredited degrees. This means that the degrees issued by the American University of Malta will be recognised in each and every member state of the European Union. Courses will be offered at Bachelors, Masters and Doctorate levels. The American University of Malta has, in fact, already submitted courses for five Bachelor, one Masters and four Doctorates to the National Commission for Further & Higher Education for its accreditation process. Furthermore, it is in this University’s plans to offer courses in more than 60 different subjects with additional courses being introduced later, in line with market demands. The government perceived this project as reflecting its economic vision to strengthen the economy and internationalise the higher education sector. Having some 17 per cent of all students based in Malta, as well as another unaccounted number of Maltese students following studies overseas, shows that there is potential in this market both for Maltese as well as to attract more foreign students to the Maltese Islands (Bartolo, cited in GRTU, 2015. Three main concerns raised from an education point of view - namely, that due to this project education quality standards are going to be lowered to accommodate the investors; there is not going to be an element of research as is required of an university; and that the recent changes in the legislation where made to allow government to grant education licenses directly without the necessary requirements and processes - government insisted that there is in fact going to be a strong element of research at the American University of Malta and that the amendments presented though a recent legal notice does give further regulatory powers to the National Commission for Further and Higher Education to ensure standards. The fact that studies show that the average income of families in the South Region of Malta is 11 per cent lower when compared to other regions has also been emphasised by the government. It is expected that this project builds on the government’s present economic vision and will have a substantial income for Malta, particularly the South of the Island, with an estimated €115 million investment across three years bringing to Malta due to some incoming 4,000 foreign students (Cardona, cited in GRTU, 2015). These students are expected to pay around €12.5 million in tuition fees and spend €1.8 million on property rental. Studies based on the United Kingdom show that foreign student influx generates further tourism income brought by family visits whilst the students are expected to spend around €15,000 each per year. The same studies show that every €1.00 spent on tertiary education repays the economy with €2.50. 2 This report comprises of a Social Impact Assessment on the possibility that the American University of Malta establishes a campus in Marsascala. This campus shall host a number of academic faculties and university residences. 1.2 Social Impact Assessment A Social Impact Assessment (SIA) was undertaken as part of the sustainability evaluation for the setting up of a foreign university, the American University of Malta, in Marsascala. This SIA report focuses exclusively on the possible social impacts that the establishment of the American University of Malta will have on Marsascala site. As Misra (2004) points out, SIAs are premised on the idea that development interventions have social consequences, and therefore, it is necessary that governments understand the effects of their decisions before policies are implemented and have emotional impacts upon communities. While SIAs