Student Guide to Common Orthopedic Injuries INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 4 SHOULDER ............................................................................................................................... 5 Shoulder Anatomy .................................................................................................................... 5 Glenohumeral (GH) Dislocation ................................................................................................. 6 Impingement, Tendinopathy, and Rotator Cuff (RC) Tear .............................................................. 6 Labral Tear .............................................................................................................................. 7 Biceps Tendinopathy ................................................................................................................. 7 Acromioclavicular (AC) Separation ............................................................................................ 8 Acromioclavicular (AC) Degenerative Joint Disease: .................................................................... 8 Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) ........................................................................................ 8 Shoulder Special Tests Glossary ................................................................................................. 9 ELBOW ....................................................................................................................................12 Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) .........................................................................................13 Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s Elbow) .......................................................................................13 Olecranon Bursitis ...................................................................................................................13 Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Tear .......................................................................................14 Ulnar Nerve Entrapment ...........................................................................................................14 Biceps Tendon Rupture ............................................................................................................14 Posterior Elbow Dislocation ......................................................................................................15 Brief Notes on Elbow Fractures: ................................................................................................15 WRIST/HAND ..........................................................................................................................16 Scaphoid Fracture ....................................................................................................................16 Distal Radius Fracture ..............................................................................................................17 Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Tear/Sprain ...............................................................17 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ..........................................................................................................18 De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis ....................................................................................................18 Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis (CMC OA) .................................................................................18 Thumb Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Sprain/Tear ..................................................................19 Trigger Finger (Stenosing Flexor Tenosynovitis) .........................................................................19 Mallet Finger ...........................................................................................................................20 Dorsal PIP Dislocation .............................................................................................................20 Hand/Wrist Special Test Glossary ..............................................................................................21 HIP ...........................................................................................................................................22 Hip Osteoarthritis .....................................................................................................................22 Femoral Fractures ....................................................................................................................22 Femoral Neck Fracture (Intracapsular) ........................................................................................22 Intertrochanteric Fracture (Extracapsular) ...................................................................................23 Avascular Necrosis (AVN or Osteonecrosis) of Femoral Head ......................................................23 Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome ..........................................................................................24 Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) ........................................................................................24 Hip Flexor Strain .....................................................................................................................25 Internal Snapping Hip Syndrome (Iliopsoas Tendonopathy) (Internal Coxa Saltans) ........................25 KNEE .......................................................................................................................................27 Osteoarthritis ...........................................................................................................................27 Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear .....................................................................................27 Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Tear .....................................................................................28 Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Tear .....................................................................................28 Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Tear......................................................................................28 Meniscal Tear ..........................................................................................................................29 Patellar Dislocation ..................................................................................................................29 Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ...................................................................................................29 Iliotibial Band (ITB) Syndrome .................................................................................................30 Patellar Tendinopathy (Jumper’s Knee) ......................................................................................30 Prepatellar Bursitis ...................................................................................................................31 Popliteal (Baker’s) Cyst ............................................................................................................31 Knee Special Test Glossary: ......................................................................................................32 ANKLE ...................................................................................................................................................... 33 Ankle Sprains .......................................................................................................................................... 33 Lateral Sprain ...................................................................................................................................... 33 Medial Sprain ...................................................................................................................................... 33 High Ankle Sprain (Syndesmotic) ...................................................................................................... 33 Osteochondral Defect (aka Osteochondritis Dessicans) ......................................................................... 34 Distal Fibular Fracture ............................................................................................................................ 34 Posterior Tibial Tendinopathy ................................................................................................................ 34 Peroneal Tendinopathy ........................................................................................................................... 35 Ankle Special Test Glossary ................................................................................................................... 37 FOOT ......................................................................................................................................................... 38 Hallux Rigidus ........................................................................................................................................ 38 Hallux Valgus (Bunion) .......................................................................................................................... 38 Jones Fracture ......................................................................................................................................... 38 Lis-Franc Injury .....................................................................................................................................