June 2010 City Sanitation Plan for Kochi Status Report submitted to: German Agency for Technical Cooperation ICRA Management Consulting Services Ltd Contents CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................................... II LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................................................III LIST OF FIGURES ..............................................................................................................................................III ABOUT THIS REPORT ........................................................................................................................................ 5 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 7 1.1. STUDY BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF WORK ................................................................................................................... 8 2. OUR APPROACH & CURRENT STATUS ..................................................................................................... 10 2.1. GUIDING PRINCIPLES .................................................................................................................................. 10 2.2. ACTIVITIES TILL DATE .................................................................................................................................. 10 3. CITY PROFILE - DEMOGRAPHICS, LAND-USE & GROWTH DRIVERS .......................................................... 14 3.1. CITY OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................................... 14 3.2. BRIEF HISTORY .......................................................................................................................................... 14 3.3. THE PHYSICAL SETTING ............................................................................................................................... 15 3.4. LAND-USE AND SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................................................... 16 3.5. POPULATION ............................................................................................................................................. 18 3.6. URBAN POOR, SLUM POCKETS AND DISTRIBUTION ........................................................................................... 20 3.7. ECONOMIC BASE ....................................................................................................................................... 21 4. GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................. 23 4.1. URBAN FRAMEWORK IN THE STATE (INCLUDING LEGAL FRAMEWORK) .................................................................. 23 4.2. THE CORPORATION OF COCHIN .................................................................................................................... 25 4.3. OTHER AGENCIES ....................................................................................................................................... 27 5. SITUATION ANALYSIS – I (ALLIED SECTORS) ............................................................................................ 29 5.1. ENVIRONMENT OVERVIEW OF KOCHI ............................................................................................................. 29 5.2. WATER SUPPLY ......................................................................................................................................... 29 5.3. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 34 5.4. STORM DRAIN NETWORK AND NATURAL DRAINAGE ......................................................................................... 37 5.5. SUMMARY OF KEY ISSUES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CSP FROM ALLIED SECTORS ...................................................... 40 6. SITUATION ANALYSIS - II (CORE SECTORS) .............................................................................................. 42 6.1. WASTE WATER GENERATION ....................................................................................................................... 42 6.2. SEWERAGE SYSTEM .................................................................................................................................... 42 6.3. ON SITE SANITATION AND SEPTAGE MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................... 43 6.4. SANITATION FACILITIES IN PUBLIC PLACES ....................................................................................................... 44 6.5. SANITATION FACILITIES IN BPL HOUSEHOLDS .................................................................................................. 45 6.6. SUMMARY OF SERVICE LEVELS, ISSUES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CSP ..................................................................... 45 7. MUNICIPAL FINANCE .............................................................................................................................. 46 7.1. CONSOLIDATED INCOME AND EXPENDITURE TRENDS ........................................................................................ 46 7.2. INCOME STREAMS OF CORPORATION OF COCHIN.............................................................................................. 47 7.3. TAX INCOME ............................................................................................................................................. 49 7.4. NON-TAX INCOME, GRANTS AND OTHER INCOME ............................................................................................ 50 7.5. EXPENDITURE BREAKUP OF COC ................................................................................................................... 51 7.6. RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS - CORPORATION OF COCHIN ...................................................................................... 54 ii Kochi CSP - Status Report 7.7. FINANCIAL INDICATORS - SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. 55 7.8. KEY POINTS, ISSUES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CSP ............................................................................................. 56 8. WAY AHEAD ........................................................................................................................................... 58 8.1. NEXT STEPS .............................................................................................................................................. 58 ANNEX 1: SCOPE OF WORK AS PER TOR ......................................................................................................... 59 ANNEX 2: LIST OF CTF MEMBERS ................................................................................................................... 61 ANNEX 3: QUESTIONNAIRES FOR PRIMARY GAP FILLING SURVEY ................................................................. 63 HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE .................................................................................................................................. 63 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS ................................................................................................... 66 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR INDUSTRIES.............................................................................................................................. 69 CHECKLIST FOR PUBLIC PLACES ................................................................................................................................. 71 ANNEX 4: MINUTES OF THE CTF MEETING ..................................................................................................... 73 ANNEX 5: STATE LEVEL URBAN GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE ............................................................................ 75 ANNEX 6: ORGANOGRAM OF COC ................................................................................................................. 76 ANNEX 7: ORGANOGRAM - KWA ................................................................................................................... 78 ANNEX 8: MAP OF EXISITING AND PROPOSED SEWERAGE COVERAGE .......................................................... 79 ANNEX 9: WARD MAP AND WARD LEVEL POPULATION PROJECTIONS .......................................................... 80 List of Tables Table 1: Population densities in Kochi and adjoining areas ................................................................................. 18 Table 2: Wards with population densities over 200 per ha. ................................................................................. 19 Table 3: Population trend – Corporation of Cochin, Cochin Urban Agglomeration and GCDA region ................. 20 Table 4: Projected population – Cochin Corporation and Kpchi Urban Agglomeration ....................................... 20 Table 5: BPL population in Kochi .......................................................................................................................... 20 Table 6: Slums