Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics An Interactive Open Access Journal of the European Geosciences Union www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net Advisory Board Members Co-Editors Paul J. Crutzen (Chairman) Ilse Aben Annmarie Carlton Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Rutgers University, USA Mainz, Germany Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands [email protected] [email protected] Chak K. Chan Hong Kong University of Science and Meinrat O. Andreae James Allan Technology, Hong Kong Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, The University of Manchester, UK [email protected] Mainz, Germany [email protected] Markus Ammann Yafang Cheng Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Daniel McKenna [email protected] Mainz, Germany National Center for Atmospheric Research, [email protected] Boulder, USA Yves Balkanski [email protected] Laboratoire CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, LSCE/IPSL, Jui-Yuan Christine Chiu Gif-sur-Yvette, France University of Reading, UK Stuart A. Penkett [email protected] University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Patrick Chuang [email protected] Urs Baltensperger University of California, Santa Cruz, USA Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland [email protected] Veerabdhadran Ramanathan [email protected] Scripps Inst. of Oceanography, La Jolla, USA Ronald Cohen [email protected] Carlo Barbante University of California, Berkeley, USA University of Venice, Italy [email protected] Executive Editors Thorsten Bartels-Rausch Joachim Curtius Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Ulrich Pöschl (Chief-Executive Editor) [email protected] Frankfurt am Main, Germany Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, [email protected] Mainz, Germany Allan Bertram [email protected] University of British Columbia, Canada Daniel J. Cziczo [email protected] MIT, Cambridge, USA Ken Carslaw [email protected] University of Leeds, UK Timothy Bertram [email protected] University of California, San Diego, USA Martin Dameris [email protected] DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Thomas Koop [email protected] Bielefeld University, Germany Wolfram Birmili [email protected] Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Ashu Dastoor Leipzig, Germany Science and Technology Branch, Rolf Sander [email protected] Air Quality Research Division, Canada Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, [email protected] Mainz, Germany Jan W. Bottenheim [email protected] Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada Peter DeCarlo [email protected] Drexel University, USA William Thomas Sturges [email protected] University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Jørgen Brandt [email protected] Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark Frank Dentener [email protected] European Commission, Ispra, Italy [email protected] Steven Brown NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Neil M. Donahue USA Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA [email protected] Stefan Buehler University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Manvendra K. Dubey [email protected] Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA [email protected] European James B. Burkholder NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Bryan N. Duncan Geosciences Boulder, USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, [email protected] Greenbelt, USA Union [email protected] Tim Butler Institute for Advanced Sustainability Timothy J. Dunkerton Studies, Germany NorthWest Research Associates, Redmond, USA Ralf Ebinghaus Peter Haynes Radovan Krejci Institute for Coastal Research, University of Cambridge, UK Stockholm University, Sweden Geesthacht, Germany [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Martin Heimann Martina Krämer Andreas Engel Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Research Center Jülich, Germany Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany Jena, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Quentin Errera Markku Kulmala Belgium Institute for Space Aeronomy, Andreas Hofzumahaus University of Helsinki, Finland Belgium Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ari Laaksonen Barbara Ervens Rupert Holzinger University of Eastern Finland, NOAA/ESRL, Boulder, USA Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Kuopio, Finland [email protected] Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands [email protected] [email protected] Maria Cristina Facchini William Lahoz National Research Council (CNR), Corinna Hoose Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Bologna, Italy Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany Kjeller, Norway [email protected] [email protected] Graham Feingold NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Alex Huffman Alexander Laskin Boulder, USA University of Denver, USA Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Federico Fierli Patrick Jöckel Kari Lehtinen National Research Council, Rome, Italy DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Finnish Meteorological Institute and [email protected] [email protected] University of Kuopio, Finland [email protected] Qiang Fu Jan Kaiser University of Washington, Seattle, USA University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK John Liggio [email protected] [email protected] Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada [email protected] Stefano Galmarini Maria Kanakidou Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece Xiaohong Liu [email protected] [email protected] University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA Laurens Ganzeveld Thomas Karl [email protected] Wageningen University, Netherlands University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria [email protected] Franz-Josef Lübken Timothy Garrett Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA Stelios Kazadzis Kühlungsborn, Germany [email protected] National Observatory of Athens, Greece [email protected] [email protected] Alan Geer Jianzhong Ma European Centre for Medium-Range Veli-Matti Kerminen Chinese Academy of Meteorological Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sciences, Beijing, China [email protected] Helsinki, Finland [email protected] [email protected] Evangelos Gerasopoulos Rob MacKenzie National Observatory of Athens, Greece Frank Keutsch University of Birmingham, UK [email protected] University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA [email protected] Willy Maenhaut Christoph Gerbig Ghent University, Belgium Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr [email protected] Jena, Germany Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Bernhard Mayer Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Stefania Gilardoni Thomas Kirchstetter Munich, Germany Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, [email protected] and Climate, Italy Berkeley, USA [email protected] [email protected] Gordon McFiggans University of Manchester, UK Alex B. Guenther Silvia Kloster [email protected] Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Richland, USA Hamburg, Germany Robert McLaren [email protected] York University, Toronto, Canada Daniel Knopf Robert Harley Stony Brook University, USA Craig McNeil University of California, Berkeley, USA [email protected] University of Washington, Seattle, USA [email protected] [email protected] Monika Kopacz Neil Harris NOAA Climate Program Office, V. Faye McNeill University of Cambridge, UK Silver Spring, USA Columbia University, New York, USA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Nikolaos Mihalopoulos Ilona Riipinen Joel Thornton University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece University of Helsinki, Finland University of Washington, Seattle, USA [email protected] [email protected] Janne Rinne Paul Monks University of Helsinki, Finland David Topping University of Leicester, UK [email protected] University of Manchester, UK [email protected] [email protected] Greg Roberts Jennifer G. Murphy Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Holger Tost University of Toronto, Canada La Jolla, USA Johannes Gutenberg University, [email protected] [email protected] Mainz, Germany [email protected] Athanasios Nenes James Roberts Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA NOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division, Kostas Tsigaridis [email protected] USA Columbia University and NASA GISS, [email protected] New York, USA Nga Lee Ng [email protected] Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Yinon Rudich Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel Michel Van Roozendael Sergey A. Nizkorodov [email protected] Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, University of California, USA Brussels, Belgium [email protected] Lynn M. Russell [email protected] UCSD, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Mathias Palm La Jolla, USA Geraint Vaughan University of Bremen, Germany University of Manchester, UK [email protected] Thomas Röckmann [email protected] Utrecht University, the Netherlands Markus Petters [email protected] Elisabetta Vignati North Carolina State University, Joint Research Centre – European Raleigh, USA Harald Saathoff Commission, Ispra, Italy [email protected] Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany Annele Virtanen Andreas Petzold [email protected] University of Eastern Finland, Finland Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany [email protected]