Developments and visions of enviromental friendly ship Patrik Rautaheimo Vice President, Design & Engineering Developments and visions of enviromental friendly ship • About us • Environmental drivers • LNG • Biofuels • Fuel Cells • Wind and Solar Power STX Business Group A Korean conglomerate Shipbuilding Finland – Cruise & Ferries Norway – OSVs LNGC Specialized Vessel Ice Breaker China – Bulkers PCTC Drillship FSO Pipelayer France – Cruise & Ferries Naval Vessels Romania – Bulkers Vietnam - OSVs Korea – LNGC OSVs FPSO VLCC Brazil – OSVs Mega Container February 15, 2011 Slide 4 Corporate Structure STX Corporation Offshore & Engine Shipbuilding 70% 30% STX Europe 67% 70% France Finland OSV 71% 50% Turku Rauma AARC Arctech Cabins Shipyard Shipyard February 15, 2011 Slide 5 Key characteristics Leading cruise vessel builder - 20% market share Leading cruise ferry builder - 40% market share Leading icebreaker builder - 60% market share Strong focus on research, development and innovation, Concept design to Customer’s needs Developing and supporting the vast sub-supplier network Focus on the Customers’ needs throughout the whole lifecycle 10 May 2011 | Page 6 STX Finland orderbook Name Delivery Owner Yard Spirit of Britain, Spirit of France III / 2011 P&O Ferries Rauma (1367, 1368) Polar Supply and II / 2012 DEA Rauma Research Vessel (1369) Cruise Ferry (1376) II / 2013 Viking Line Turku Icebreaking Supply Vessels III / 2013 Sovcomflot Helsinki Fisheries Reseach Vessel II / 2012 MFMR of the Rauma Republic of Namibia Multipurpose Deck Cargo II / 2012 Gaiamare Ltd Turku Cargo Vessel (1379) Passenger Ships Built or On Order in Finnish Yards (after 1960) Voyager of the Seas 137 300 GT, 1999 Liberty of the Seas Europa 154 000 GT, 2007 28 400 GT, 1999 Galaxy Athena Paradise 48 900 GT, 2006 40 000 GT, 1989 70 400 GT, 1998 Superfast IV Cruise Ships Cinderella Freedom of the Seas 30 000 GT, 1998 46 400 GT, 1989 154 000 GT, 2006 Delfin Clipper Elation 6 070 GT, 1989 70 400 GT, 1998 Color Fantasy 74 600 GT, 2004 Ferries Superfast III Royal Viking Sun 30 000 GT, 1998 37 800 GT, 1988 Birka Paradise Enchantment of the Seas 34 700 GT, 2004 74 000 GT, 1997 Viktoria I Seaward 42 300 GT, 1988 41 000 GT, 2004 Grandeur of the Seas 74 000 GT, 1996 Kronprins Harald Carnival Miracle 31 100 GT, 1987 85 700 GT, 2003 Aida 38 600 GT, 1996 Olympia Mariner of the Seas 37 600 GT, 1986 Inspiration 137 300 GT, 2003 Birka Princess 70 400 GT, 1996 21 500 GT, 1986 Costa Mediterranea Turella Imagination 85 700 GT, 2003 10 600 GT, 1979 70 400 GT, 1995 Wellamo 33 800 GT, 1986 Navigator of the Seas Finnjet Crystal Symphony 137 300 GT, 2002 24 600 GT, 1977 50 000 GT, 1995 Mariella Hamnavoe 37 800 GT, 1985 Kazakshtan 8 800 GT, 2002 16 600 GT, 1976 Fascination Svea 70 400 GT, 1994 Hrossey Azerbaydzhan 33 800 GT, 1985 Juan J. Sister 12 000 GT, 2002 16 600 GT, 1975 Sea Goddess II 22 000 GT, 1993 4260 GT, 1985 Hjaltland Oasis of the Seas Gruziya 12 000 GT, 2002 225 000 GT, 2009 16 600 GT, 1975 Sensation 70 400 GT, 1993 Royal Princess Carnival Legend 1365 Tallink Belorussiya 44 350 GT, 1985 85 700 GT, 2002 48 900 GT, 2009 16 600 GT, 1975 Sea Goddess I Normandie 27 000 GT, 1992 Romantika Prinsessan Birgitta 4250 GT, 1984 Armorique 8750 GT, 1974 40 800 GT, 2002 Al-Mansur 28 500 GT, 2008 7360 GT, 1982 Royal Majesty Royal Viking Sea 32 000 GT, 1992 Carnival Pride Baltic Princess 21 900 GT, 1973 85 700 GT, 2001 48 900 GT, 2008 Song of America Radisson Diamond Boheme 37 600 GT, 1982 10 300 GT, 1968 20 300 GT, 1992 Seafrance Rodin Royal Viking Sky Botnia 33 800 GT, 2001 1354 Independence of the Seas 21 900 GT, 1973 Travemünde Barfleur 3440 GT, 1967 154 000 GT, 2008 9100 GT, 1981 20 000 GT, 1993 Bore I Superspeed 2 Finlandia Adventure of the Seas 8170 GT, 1967 8500 GT, 1973 33 500 GT, 2008 Silvia Regina Silja Symphony 137 300 GT, 2001 Finnpartner Sun Viking 25 700 GT, 1981 58 400 GT, 1991 Viking XPRS 7460 GT, 1966 34 300 GT, 2008 1376 Viking CF 18 600 GT, 1972 Carnival Spirit Ecstasy 56 850 GT, 2012 Prins Hamlet Finlandia 85 700 GT, 2001 70 400 GT, 1991 Superspeed 1 8690 GT, 1966 Royal Viking Star 25 700 GT, 1981 33 500 GT, 2008 1368 P&O Ferry Finnhansa 21 800 GT, 1972 Ulysses Viking Song Silja Serenade 49 000 GT, 2011 7480 GT, 1966 51 000 GT, 2001 Color Magic Nordic Prince 14 300 GT, 1980 58 400 GT, 1990 Ilmatar 74 600 GT, 2007 1367 P&O Ferry 5100 GT, 1964 18 400 GT, 1971 49 000 GT, 2010 Viking Saga Kalypso Explorer of the Seas Cotentin Nordia Song of Norway 13 900 GT, 1980 40 100 GT, 1990 137 300 GT, 2000 22 000 GT, 2007 3630 GT, 1962 18 400 GT, 1970 Skandia Floria Rosella Fantasy Costa Atlantica Star Allure of the Seas 3590 GT, 1961 4050 GT, 1970 10 800 GT, 1980 70 400 GT, 1990 85 700 GT, 2000 35 700 GT, 2007 225 000 GT, 2010 1960 . 1970 . 1980 . 1990 . 2000 . 2010 . Environmental drivers Cruise Ships Emissions Environmental drivers The International Maritime Organization (IMO), as the main regulatory body for shipping, has in recent years devoted significant time and effort to the issue of regulating shipping energy efficiency in order to control marine greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The IMO has developed a number of technical measures that include: • the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) • limits allowable CO2 emissions per ton or passenger mileage • the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) • the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) • IMO: revised MARPOL Annex VI • Global sulphur limit of 3,5% from 1.1.2012 and 0,5% from 1.1.2020 • Sulphur Emission Control Areas: from 1,5% 2006 to 0,1% 2015 • NOx limits Tier III in emission control areas (1.1.2016) and outside Tier II (1.1.2011) • Includes also regulations for ozone-depleting substances, volatile organic compounds, shipboard incineration, fuel oil availability and quality European Union (EU) • 20 % cut to overall CO2 emissions from year 1990 levels to year 2020 • Applies to all CO2 producing activities (international traffic excluded in Kyoto Protocol ) • 0,1% sulphur content limit for EU ports 1.1.2010 Regional regulations • Emission control areas • Port dues depending on amount of emissions, etc. Fuel Price SOx - Fuel Oils (emission) Sulphur Content Limits for ALL SHIPS 5 GLOBAL limit 4,5 19.5.2006 4 or 2025 based on review by 2018 3,5 1.1.2012 3 % - r u h 2,5 p l u ECAs S California 2 EU: 11.8.07 MGO MARPOL: 22.11.07 30.6.2009 MARPOL: 19.5.2006 1,5 EU: 11.8.2006 1 1.7.2010 California MDO 0,5 1.1.2020 30.6.2009 Greek 1.1.2015 ports EU Ports and Inlad 0.1 %: 1.1.2010 0.1 0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 NOx Limits for NEW Marine Engines > 130 kW Engine technologies SCR, LNG, other fuels 20 IMO Tier I <300 rpm 18 1.1.2000... 500 rpm 17 16 IMO Tier II 1.1.2011... >1200 rpm 14 14,4 13,0 outside ECAs ] 12 h W k 10,5 / 9,8 g 10 [ x O 7,7 N 8 -0,2 6 Tier I: 45 × n in ECAs -0,23 Tier II: 44 × n IMO Tier III -0,2 4 Tier III: 9 × n 1.1.2016... 3,4 review for tier III 2012-2013 2,6 2 2,0 0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 • • • • • EEDI - EnergyIndexforNewShips EfficiencyDesign vessels built 1999– 2009. the dataof71moderncruise calculatedfrom presented hereare curves limiting Preliminary criteria design isvoluntary EEDI moment For the “benefit forthesociety” the to inrelation of CO2 production the EEDI valuereprecents carriers andpassengerships ro-ro ships, container and cargo tankers, bulkcarriers, general oil gas Coverage infirstphase: and Committee Environment Protection IMOdevelopment by Marine under iscurrently EEDI 10 May 2011 | Page 15 Page | 2011 10 May EEDI 10 15 20 25 0 5 0 Europa 50 000 Elation Fantasy 100 000 100 Gross Tonnage Gross Costa Atlantica 150 000 Voyager of the Seas Freedom of the Seas FinlandShips:STX Cruise Limit-25% EEDI Curve Limit-12.5%EEDI Curve Limit EEDI Curve 200 000 200 Oasis of the Seas 250 000 Cruise Ship Energy Flow Energiankuluttajat Stem Boilers Steam Steam Heating, Air Conditioning Waste Heat Trans. Losses Water Heating Machineries Laundry Aux. Boilers Galleys Swimming Pools Exhaust Wasted Wasted Gas Exhaust Energy Gas to Air Fresh Water Other Galleys Fuel Machineries Mechanical Electric Energy Generators Lighting Main Engines Air Conditioning Wasted Waste Heat Energy to Sea Propulsion Wasted Heat Cooling Water Waste Heat Utilized Heat New Energy Efficient Cruise Ship Concepts Independence of the Seas (2008) is currently the most energy efficient ship in her size category. With new and improved technology - of which some introduced in Oasis class - significantly better energy efficiency level is feasible. By reducing the energy requirements together with improved waste heat recovery and optimized total energy flow, 20% to 30% better energy efficiency is achievable compared to Independency of the Seas and even over 40% if compared to other large cruise ships. LNG Pros and cons: Pros and route andportfees. based fromemission as togainbenefit legislative emissionsrequirements as well tomeet trying for shipowners option fuel a popular become has gas Natural LNG + gasreserves ++ emissions - combustion process - spillage - methaneslip - storage -- bunkering NOx and SOx [ ton / year ] 1 000 1 200 1 400 200 400 600 800 0 Annual emissions of a Cruise Ferry Cruise of a emissions Annual Diesel Fuel Alternative CO2 NOx - 80 % SOx -100 % -100 LNG -25 % 100 000 120 000 140 000 0 20 000 40 000 60 000 80 000 CO2 [ ton / year ] LNG Machinery Principle Biofuel Aura 2 - Biofuel powered multipurpose deck cargo vessel Double Acting Ship (DASTM) – concept Oil Recovery readiness • Good stern first operation capability in • 2700