International Law Studies—Volume 15 International Law Documents The thoughts and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily of the U.S. Government, the U.S. Department of the Navy or the Naval War College. III. PROHIBITION OF EXPORTS FROM NEUTRAL STATES. General statement. —Since July, 1914, the belligerents have resorted to various measures to prevent the free movement of goods. In order that neutrals might not be cut off from certain supplies it has been deemed advis- able by certain neutral States to prohibit the export of goods which might aid a neighboring belligerent State. Some prohibitions have been decreed in order that the domestic stock of certain classes of goods might not be depleted. Whatever the reason, the course of commerce has been much disturbed and ordinary traffic has often been brought to an end. From the fact of geographical position in relation to the belligerents, such countries as Denmark, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and Switzer- land have been forced to pay greatest attention to and to exercise widest control over exportation. These re- strictions unprecedented in extent have had an impor- tant ( ff ct upon the conduct of hostilities and must be considered in any comprehensive study of the war. It will be evident frcm the lists that if such restraints are to be placed upon trade certain ends formerly sought under the laws of blockade, contraband, and continuous voyage may be thus indirectly attained. The signifi- cance of this effect of war may best be seen in the actual and detailed lists of articles of which the export is pro- hibited. These lists have been changed or explained from time to time. It seems expedient that typical lists should be printed for convenient reference. ARTICLES WHOSE EXPORT IS PROHIBITED BY THE NEUTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. Department of State, Washington, D. C, September £0, 1915. [Corrected according to the latest available information.] DENMARK. Air tubes and covers. Ammunition. Aluminum. Anilin. Ammonia and ammonia salts. Antimony. 2.057—16 3 33 34 NEUTRAL EXPORT PROHIBITIONS. A pot horary articles. Explosives and materials for manufacture Apparatus (instruments for manufacture of. of weapons or ammunit ion I. FeedstutTs I including oilcakes, hay,.straw, Arms. malt germs, crushed soya beans, bran. Arms and ammunition: offals of grain, all carrots, all turnips, Arms. cabbages, peas i for cooking as well as tor Ammunition. feeding), beans and lentils, grain, malt, Explosives. potatoes (except potatoes accompanied Gunpowder. by a certificate issued by the ministry of War material. agriculture's inspection for contagious Weapons of all kinds. plant diseases), flour (including 1 read of Automobiles. all sorts), and groats (including majzena, Bags, empty cotton or jute. sago, rice, and buckwheat, sugar, raw. Bandages and material for Denmark. refined). Barbed wire. Ferromanganese. Barium. Fert ilizers. art ificial. Barley. Fish oil, spent in shamov and shellac. Beans. Flaxseed. Belt ing leather. Flour (including breads of all sorts). Benzine. Foodstuffs. Benzol. Forage. Bicycles. Fuel. Boards. Gas cleaning material, used. Bran. Gasoline. Brass plates, barSj old brass. Cloves. Bread, all kinds. Glycerine. Buckwheat. (boats. Cabbages. Gold. Gold and silver, coined or in bars Cables. I including foreign coins of gold and silver, Candles, paraffine. silver rolled out, and gold in leaves). Caninite. Travelers may, however, carry gold and Carrots. silver coins not exceeding 200 kroner in Cattle. value. Cattle feed. (irain. Cereals. Grain, waste and sweepings. Chemicals: Graphite. Magnesium. Croats, shredded grain. Nitrate of sodium. Gunpowder. Nitric acid. Haematite iron ore. Sulphur. Harness, saddles (unless 30 per cent added Sulphuric acid. to value of articles by home manufac- Chrome. turer). Clover seed. Hay. Coal. Hemp. Coal-tar dyes. Hides, raw, salted, prepared. Coke. Hogs, live. Copper. Horses. Copper ores. Hospital supplies. Copra. Huckleberries, dried. Corn. Hypodermic syringes. Cotton hags. Inflammable oils. Cotton thread. Instruments and apparatus which are Cotton waste. solely made for the manufacture of am- Col ton yarns. munition, for the construction or repair Cottonseed cake. of weapons, and materials for warfare on Dressings. land or sea. Dried huckleberries. Iron, haematite (silicon, chrome ores). Drugs, all kind-. Iron plates covered with tin or zinc. Dynamite. Iron plates, tinned, waste from. Earthnuts. Iron pyrites. Electric cables. Jute. raw. manufactured, and sacks. DENMARK. 35 Knitting machines. Raw materials for repair or construction of Lard. vessels or arms. Lead. Raw rubber. Leather (except goat). Resin. Leather belting. Rice. Lentils. Riding and draught animals. Linseed. Roentgen ray apparatus. Linseed oil. Ropes (yarns for manufacture thereof). Logs. Rubber, raw. Lubricants. Sacks (cotton and jute, and jute material Lumber. suitable for making bags). Macaroni. Saddles. (See Harness.) Maearons. Sago. Machinery and instruments for manufac- Salt chlorate. ture or repair of weapons or material for Salt chlorate potash. war. Seeds, clover. Machines for knitting. Seeds. Magnesium. Sesame seeds. Malt germs. Shoddy. Malts. Silicon. Manganese. Silver (coined or in bars). Margarin. Skins (calf, it over 8 kilos sailed). Meats, fresh. Skins (dressed, except goatskins). Medical specialties. Skins (lamb and sheep). Medicinal product s. Soya beans. Medicinals. Spent fish oil, in shamoy and shellac. Motor vehicles. Starch made from corn, rice, potatoes Nickel (unwrought and ore;. wheat. Nitrate of sodium. Steel. Nitre. Straw. Nitre salts. Sugar, raw. re lined. Nitric acid. Sulphur. Offals of grain. Sulphur pyrites. Oil cake. Sulphuric acid. Oil, spent fish, in shamoy and shellac. Surgical bandages and dressings. oils, lubricating. Syringes, hypodermic. Oils, vegetable (for the manufacture of Tallow. margarin). Thermometers. Oleomargarine. Timber. Oleo oil. Tin chlorite. Oleo stearine. Tinned iron plates, waste from. Oleo stock. Tin ores. Onions. Tin oxide. Organic acids. Tricot, woven and knitted. Parafnne. Turnips. Paraffine candles. Turpentine. Peanuts. Turpentine oil. Peas (for cooking or feeding). Twist for cleaning, and material for hand- Petroleum and other oils. ages. Planks. Underwear. Potash. Vaseline. Potash lye. Vegetable oils, stearins for use in manu- Potash manure. facture of margarin. Potash saltpeter. Vegetables. Potash salts, all sorts of. Vehicles, motor. Potassium chloride. War material. Potatoes (may export to United Stales Waste, white. from certified potato fields;. Weapons of all kinds. Powder. Wire, barbed. Pyrites. Wood. Rags (woolen, half woolen, or shoddy >. Wool (sheep lamb). 36 NEUTRAL EXPORT PROHIBITIONS. Woolen drawers. Woo'.en undervests. Woolen gloves. Woolen waste (rags— shoddy). "Woo'.en goo Is ( except material suitable for "Woo'en yarns. curtains or furniture coverings). Worsted yarns. Woo'en, half woolen, underwear, and Worsted waistcoats, drawers, socks, clothing. gloves for men. Woolen socks. Zinc (in plates or blocks). GREECE. Arms. Harness for artillery and cavalry Beer. Leather in general. Ben /.inc. Live stock. Butter. Magnesite ore, raw and calcined. Carbines. Moneys of gold (ingots of gold). Cartridges for Mannlicher Schonahauser, Oil. Bulgarian Mannlicher, Turkish Mauser, Oxen. Grass Martiai, Mauser Martini. Petroleum. Cartridge cases for rifles and big'guns in Preserves. general. Rice. Cartridges for Bayer and Colt revolvers- Rifles. Models: 73 and 93. Revolvers, Bayer and^Colt, 73~and 93 Cattle. models. Cereals. Shoes, army. Cheese. Soda. Coal. Sugar. Coffee. Sulphate'of copper and sulphur in general. Contraband and conditional contraband, Swords (for cavalry and artillery). including transit goods. Tanning materials. Cotton. Telephone accessories. Feed. Valonia and all other tanning materials. Field glasses. Wheat. Flour. Wool. Fodder. Woolen yarns. <Jold (coin and bullion). NETHERLANDS. Acetone. Ashes. Adaline. Aspirine. Aeroplanes and accessories. Automobiles and bodies, and~accessories, Aether. including tires. Alba, magnesia (?). Bacon (bellies, dry, salted, smoked, and Alcohol. fresh). Almond substitute. Barbed wire. Alpaca hair. Barley. Alum. Beans. Ammonia, hydrosulphate of. Beans, French, string. Ammonium carbonate. Beef, fresh, smoked, unless with special Ammunition. permit. Aniline, derivaties of, used in practices of Benzine. me licine. Bic-cles. Antimonium regulus. Bismuth. Antifebrine. Blankets. Antimony, regulus of. Bone dust. Antipyrine. Bone meal. Arms and ammunition: Bones. Ammunition. Borax. Explosives. Bread. Lime. Briquets (except charcoal briquets). Powder. Bromine salts and ott'er bromine com- Arsenicum. positions. Arrowroot. Buckwheat. NETHERLANDS. 37 Butter. Copper alloys, oxide sulphate. Cabbage. Corn. Calcium acetate. Corn meal. Calcium nitrate. Cotton, raw. Camel hair. Cotton seed, oil, cake, and meal. Camphor. Cotton thread. Camphoric acid. Cotton waste. Carbol, crude and pure. Creosote and cresoU Carriages. Diamonds, polished, unless accompanied Cassava flour. by certificate showing they were polished Cast-iron waste. in the Netherlands, C65178. Cattle. Diaspirine. Cattle feed (except beets and turnips for). Dixtrine. Cereals. Dyes, coal-tar and other coal-tar products Cheese. for the manufacture of same. Chemicals: Electric pocket lamps, accessories, and raw Acetone. material for manufacture of same. Aether. Ether. Alcohol. Etheral oils (some exceptions). Ammonium carbonate. Explosives, liquid. Antimonium regulus. Fats (melted and unmelted, animal, Antimony,