HEBREW WEAK VERBS REVIEW GENERAL INFORMATION 2) They prefer compound shevas UkAxfB qal perf 3cs System Designating Weak Verbs: 3) Prefer “A” class vowels instead of “O” class +ax:$iy qal imperf 3ms l321 ( p Guttural Variations ( ) LAMED GUTTURAL VERBS ) h x ( r Means: “guttural” is in the Lamed ( ) position 1) Gutturals refuse to be doubled (reject the l dagesh) 2) They prefer compound shevas 1) They like “A” class vowels before & around them 3) They prefer “A” class vowels xal:$ qal imperf 3ms Some consonants may disappear ( or ) qal perf 2fs n y :Taxalf$ piel perf 3ms PE GUTTURAL VERBS haBiz qal act part ms Means: “guttural” is in the Pe ( ) position a("m& p LAMED ALEPH VERBS 1) 1st root letter refuses dagesh forte - affects Nifal, Imperfect, Imperative, Infinitive Means: “Aleph” is in the Lamed (l) position Construct - Thus, the preceeding vowel under the preformative is 1) They like long “A” class vowels before them (or sometimes long “E”) lengthed l"+("y 2) They prefer compound shevas )fr:qiy qal imperf 3ms - A prefix vowel takes the corresponding short vowel :)flum pual perf 3ms 2) Some like nothing under them (they quiesce) before robA(ay 3) When two vocal shevas are used, then the Pe Guttural consonant afformatives reverts to a full short vowel (forms with vowel qal perf 1cs afformatives, but no changes in intensives) yit)mlfm qal imper 3fp 4) Qal Imperfect prefers a “holem” for a preformative hfn)er:qit vowel lak)oy LAMED HE VERBS Means: “He” is in the Lamed ( ) position PE ALEPH VERBS l Means: “Aleph” is in the Pe ( ) position p 1) “He” ( ) will dissappear when suffix added h 1) The “aleph” tends to quiesce - Yod (y) is preserved when ending begins with a 2) In Qal Imperfect, preformative vowel is a “holem” consonant qal perf 1cs lak)oy yityikfB 3) They have Pe Guttural tendencies - Yod (y) is lost when ending begins with a vowel AYIN GUTTURAL VERBS UkfB qal perf 3cp 2) “He” ( ) has thematic vowels: Means: “guttural” is in the Ayin (() position h all perfects ( ) 1) 2nd root letter refuses dagesh forte hf hflfg all imperfects ( ) - Affects all intensives he hel:giy all imperatives ( ) - May lengthen the preceeding vowel or double h" h"lo:g guttural by implication all infin const ( ) tO tOlo:g ( piel perf 3ms) or ( pual perf 3ms) all participles ( ) \"r"B |aroB he helog 1 HEBREW WEAK VERBS REVIEW PE NUN VERBS PE YOD & PE VAV VERBS Means: “Nun” is in the Pe ( ) position p Means: “Yod” or “Vav” is in the Pe (p) position 1) When the “nun” has sheva ( ) as a syllable divider: 1) “Pe Yod” may merge with preceeding preformative :n vowel: - “Nun” (n) drops out - The next letter gets a dagesh forte bf+y"y qal imperfect 3ms - Affects many qal imperfect, nifal imperfect, nifal byi+y"h hifil perfect 3ms participle, hifil and hofal stems 2) “Pe Vav” may drop out (qal imperfect, qal imperative, loP:niy becomes loPiy qal imp 3ms qal infinitive construct): becomes nif imp 3ms dag:nin daGin b"$"y qal imperfect perfect 3ms 3) In Hophal, reverts to (“vav is dropped, becomes ) fh uh ii " becomes hof per 3ms $g:nfh $aguh (fd qal imperative 2ms 4) Qal Imperative the “nun” may drop ( ) 3)”Pe Vav” reappears in Nifal, Hifil and Hofal as a vowel $ag 5) Qal Infinitive Construct the “nun” drops and a “tav” is hifil perfect 3ms added at the end ( ) byi$Oh te$eG ba$On nifal perfect 3ms 6) acts like a Pe Nun verb hql d"lfUiT nifal imperfect 2ms hofal perfect 3ms AYIN VAV & AYIN YOD VERBS ba$Uh (Hollow Verbs) 4) |alfh acts like a “Pe Vav” verb Means: “Vav” or “Yod” is in the Ayin ( ) position ( DOUBLE AYIN VERBS Means: the 2nd & 3rd root letters are the same so that the 1) Middle letter “vav” or “yod” ( or ): w y letter in the Ayin ( ) position is doubled - Either drops out ( - Or remains as a vowel 1) The duplicated last consonant may drop 2) Qal Perfects usually lose the middle letter: 2) Get a dagesh forte when the ending is added: becomes qal perfect 3cp {fh t"m )fB }fB Ul:lfq ULaq 3) Qal Imperfects usually lengthen vowel of prefix: - Consonant afformatives get a helping vowel {Uqfy {yi$fy - Vowel afformatives do not 4) Intensives -- Piel, Pual, Hithpael -- double the last 3) The intensive stems are usually regular consonant instead of doubling middle consonant: 4) Vowels of the preformatives will change: Qamets ( ) used with qal imperfect, nifal perfect, {"mOq “polel” (piel) perfect 3ms f “polal” (pual) perfect 3ms nifal participle, hifil imperfect {amOq Sere ( )used with hifil perfect, hifil participle 5) Hophal gets a Sureq ( or ) preformative vowel: " U Uh Sureq ( ) used with hofal {aqUh hofal per 3ms U 6) Hiphil gets a Sere ( " or "h ) preformative vowel: {yiq"h hifil perfect 3ms 7) Watch for separating vowels before consonant endings ftOamUh:n nifal perfect 2ms fhfnemUh:t qal imperfect 3fp 2.