“DESIGN OF A PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE CROSSING OVER COLISEUM BOULEVARD” Group Members: Renan Constantino Chris Ripke James Welch Faculty Advisor: Mohammad Alhassan, Ph. D. Civil Engineering Program-Department of Engineering Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne December 11, 2009 Table of Contents List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................ vii Abstract ............................................................................................................................ viii 1. Section I: Problem Statement.................................................................................. 1 1.1. Problem Statement ............................................................................................ 1 1.2. Background ....................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1. Crossroads Partnership .............................................................................. 2 1.2.2. Rivergreenway Trail .................................................................................. 2 1.3. Requirements, Specifications, and Given Parameters ...................................... 5 1.4. Design Variables............................................................................................... 5 1.4.1. Aesthetic Considerations (Bridge Type) ................................................... 5 1.4.2. Construction Materials .............................................................................. 6 1.4.3. Coliseum Expansion .................................................................................. 6 1.4.4. Connect to Ivy Tech .................................................................................. 6 1.4.5. Covered or Open ....................................................................................... 6 1.5. Limitations and Constraints .............................................................................. 6 1.5.1. Cost............................................................................................................ 6 1.5.2. Natural Conditions .................................................................................... 7 1.5.3. Construction Issues ................................................................................... 7 1.5.4. Additional Considerations ......................................................................... 7 1.6. SAP2000 ........................................................................................................... 7 2. Section II: Conceptual Design .............................................................................. 12 2.1. Location of Bridge .......................................................................................... 12 2.2. Concept I: Cable-Stayed Bridge ..................................................................... 14 2.3. Concept II: Truss Bridge ................................................................................ 14 2.4. Concept III: Suspension Bridge ...................................................................... 15 2.5. Concept IV: Arch Bridge ................................................................................ 16 3. Section III: Summary of the Evaluation of Different Conceptual Designs .......... 16 3.1. Concept I: Cable-Stayed Bridge ..................................................................... 16 3.1.1. Advantages .............................................................................................. 16 3.1.2. Disadvantages.......................................................................................... 16 3.2. Concept II: Truss Bridge ................................................................................ 16 3.2.1. Advantages .............................................................................................. 16 3.2.2. Disadvantages.......................................................................................... 17 3.3. Concept III: Suspension Bridge ...................................................................... 17 3.3.1. Advantages .............................................................................................. 17 3.3.2. Disadvantages.......................................................................................... 17 3.4. Concept IV: Arch Bridge ................................................................................ 17 3.4.1. Advantages .............................................................................................. 17 3.4.2. Disadvantages.......................................................................................... 17 3.5. Decision Matrix .............................................................................................. 18 3.6. Selected Design .............................................................................................. 20 3.6.1. Background ............................................................................................. 20 3.6.2. Meeting with Greg Justice....................................................................... 21 i 3.6.3. Meeting with Kurt J. Heidenreich, P.E., S.E. .......................................... 22 4. Section IV: Detailed Design of the Selected Conceptual Design ......................... 24 4.1. Arch without Angled Members ...................................................................... 24 4.1.1. Modeling of Bridge ................................................................................. 24 4.1.2. Arch Bridge Design ................................................................................. 24 4.1.3. SAP2000 Analysis .................................................................................. 25 4.1.4. Hand Check of Calculations .................................................................... 25 4.1.5. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 26 4.2. Arch with Angled Members ........................................................................... 27 4.2.1. Modeling of Bridge ................................................................................. 27 4.2.2. Loads ....................................................................................................... 35 4.2.3. Summary of Loads Applied to Structure................................................. 41 4.3. Structural Analysis ......................................................................................... 41 4.3.1. Deformed Shapes .................................................................................... 42 4.3.2. Joint Loading ........................................................................................... 47 4.3.3. Frame/Cable Loads ................................................................................. 52 4.3.4. Shell Stresses ........................................................................................... 55 4.3.5. Influence Lines ........................................................................................ 56 4.4. Structural Design ............................................................................................ 59 4.4.1. Design Load Combinations ..................................................................... 59 4.4.2. Design Members ..................................................................................... 64 4.4.3. Slab Design ............................................................................................. 66 4.4.4. Concrete Edge Beams ............................................................................. 67 4.4.5. Footing Design ........................................................................................ 68 4.4.6. Vibrations ................................................................................................ 69 4.4.7. Deflection ................................................................................................ 70 4.5. Final Design .................................................................................................... 71 4.5.1. SAP2000 Report ...................................................................................... 71 4.5.2. Final Design Drawings ............................................................................ 71 4.6. Alternate Design Considerations .................................................................... 75 4.6.1. Enclosing the Walkway ........................................................................... 75 4.6.2. Smart Bridge ........................................................................................... 75 4.6.3. Mastodon Tusks ...................................................................................... 76 4.6.4. Construction Materials ............................................................................ 77 5. Section V: Cost Analysis/Estimation .................................................................... 77 5.1. Construction Techniques ................................................................................ 77 5.2. Cost Estimation............................................................................................... 79 6.