ZIMBABWE Nuptiality and Fertility Thematic Report AUGUST 2015 ZIMBABWE POPULATION CENSUS 2012 FERTILITY THEMATIC REPORT Population Census Office P.O. Box CY342 Causeway Harare Tel: 04-793971-2 04-794756 E-mail: [email protected] August 2015 i Table of Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... v Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. vi Definition of Terms................................................................................................................... ix 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Overview ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Zimbabwe’s commitment to fertility as a population and development issue ............ 2 1.3. Background ................................................................................................................. 4 1.4. Objectives .................................................................................................................... 7 2. Theoretical Framework and Methodology......................................................................... 8 2.1. Theoretical Framework ............................................................................................... 8 2.2. Methodology ............................................................................................................... 9 3. Findings............................................................................................................................ 11 3.1. Nuptiality levels and differentials ............................................................................. 11 3.2. Nuptiality differentials .............................................................................................. 12 3.3. Fertility ...................................................................................................................... 16 4. Discussions, Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................................... 36 4.1. Nuptiality ................................................................................................................... 36 4.2. Fertility ...................................................................................................................... 37 4.3. Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 41 4.4. 4.4 Recommendations ............................................................................................... 43 5. Bibliography .................................................................................................................... 44 6. Appendices ................................ ....................................................................................... 47 i List of Tables Table 1: Mean number of children ever born to women 15-49 years old: ZDHS 1988, 1994. 1999, 2005/6 and 2010/11.......................................................................................................... 6 Table 2: Marital Status by Gender: 1992, 2002 and 2012 Censuses ....................................... 12 Table 3: Marital Status by Age and Gender, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census ................................... 14 Table 4a: Reported Parities by Age of Mother, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census .............................. 18 Table 4b: Corrected Reported Parities by Age of Mother, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census ............. 19 Table 5: Parity Data by Age of Mother by Year ...................................................................... 20 Table 6: Life-time Fertility by Nuptiality, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census ...................................... 24 Table 7: Average Parities by Place of Residence, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census ........................... 26 Table 8: Mean Parities by Province and Year, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census ................................ 28 Table 8: Mean Parities by Province and Year, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census (Cont.) ................... 29 Table 9: Mean Parities by Completed Level of Education, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census ............ 31 Table 10: Observed and Adjusted Fertility Rates by Year ...................................................... 33 Table 11: Adjusted (Arriaga Method) Total Fertility Rate by Background Characteristics, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census .......................................................................................................... 35 List of Figures Figure 1: Theoretical Framework on Fertility Determinants ..................................................... 9 Figure 2: Proportions Currently Married by Gender by Year .................................................. 13 Figure 3: Mean Parity by Age: 1992-2012, Zimbabwe, Census 2012..................................... 17 Figure 4: Mean parities for 45-49 year old women and Total Fertility Rates, 1992, 2002 and 2012 Censuses .......................................................................................................................... 22 Appendices Table A1: Marital Status by Age and Sex, Zimbabwe, 1992 Census ...................................... 47 Table A2: Marital Status by Age and Sex, Zimbabwe, 2002 Census ...................................... 48 Table A3: Marital Status by Province, District and Sex, Zimbabwe, 1992 Census ................ 49 Table A4: Marital Status by Province, District and Sex, Zimbabwe, 2002 Census ................ 52 Table A5: Marital Status by Province, District and Sex, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census ................ 56 Table A6: Reported Parities by Age of Mother, Zimbabwe, 1992 Census ............................. 59 Table A7: Reported Parities by Age of Mother, Zimbabwe, 2002 Census ............................. 60 ii Table A8: Percent Distribution of Childlessness: ZDHS ........................................................ 61 Table A9: Fertility by District: Bulawayo Province ................................................................ 61 List of Tables Table A10: Fertility by District: Manicaland Province ........................................................... 61 Table 1: Mean number of children ever born to women 15-49 years old: ZDHS 1988, 1994. Table A11: Fertility by District: Mashonaland Central Province ............................................ 62 1999, 2005/6 and 2010/11.......................................................................................................... 6 Table A12: Fertility by District: Mashonaland East Province ................................................. 63 Table 2: Marital Status by Gender: 1992, 2002 and 2012 Censuses ....................................... 12 Table A13: Fertility by District: Mashonaland West Province ............................................... 64 Table 3: Marital Status by Age and Gender, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census ................................... 14 Table A14: Fertility by District: Matabeleland North Province .............................................. 65 Table 4a: Reported Parities by Age of Mother, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census .............................. 18 Table A15: Fertility by District: Matabeleland South Province .............................................. 66 Table 4b: Corrected Reported Parities by Age of Mother, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census ............. 19 Table A16: Fertility by District: Midlands Province ............................................................... 67 Table 5: Parity Data by Age of Mother by Year ...................................................................... 20 Table A17: Fertility by District: Masvingo Province .............................................................. 68 Table 6: Life-time Fertility by Nuptiality, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census ...................................... 24 Table A18: Fertility by District: Harare Province ................................................................... 69 Table 7: Average Parities by Place of Residence, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census ........................... 26 Table 8: Mean Parities by Province and Year, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census ................................ 28 Table 8: Mean Parities by Province and Year, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census (Cont.) ................... 29 Table 9: Mean Parities by Completed Level of Education, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census ............ 31 Table 10: Observed and Adjusted Fertility Rates by Year ...................................................... 33 Table 11: Adjusted (Arriaga Method) Total Fertility Rate by Background Characteristics, Zimbabwe, 2012 Census .......................................................................................................... 35 List of Figures Figure 1: Theoretical Framework on Fertility Determinants ..................................................... 9 Figure 2: Proportions Currently Married by Gender by Year .................................................. 13 Figure 3: Mean Parity by Age: 1992-2012, Zimbabwe, Census 2012..................................... 17 Figure 4: Mean parities for 45-49 year old women and Total Fertility Rates, 1992, 2002 and 2012 Censuses .........................................................................................................................