DOCUMENT RIME 10 171 715 SP 014 419 AUTHOR Cox, Richard H., Ed. TITLE AAHPER Research Consortium Symposiuu Papers: Teaching Behavior and Women in Sport. Vol. II, Book I. INSTITUTION American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD). PUB DATE 79 NOTE 115p. AV AILABL E FROM AAHPERD Publications, 1201 16th St., N.W. , Washington, D.C. 20036 ($3.00, Stock No. 2148-261488) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Athletics; Behavioral Science Research; Behavior Change; *Behavior Patterns; Contingency Management; Interaction Process Analysis; *Physical Education; *Social History; Statistical Analysis; Student Teacher Relationship; *Teacher Behavior; *Womens Athletics ABSTRACT The papers included in this collection focus on two topics: teaching behavior in physical education, or women in sport. The papers include the following: A Model for the Study cf Pygmalion Effects in Physical Education; A Need to Look at Dyadic Interactions; An Observational Study of Teacher's Expectancy Effects and Their Mediating Mechanisms; Teacher Directed Behavior Toward Individual ....Students;Al venture Education; Analyzing Behavior Patterns, Objectives, Sequencing, Perspectives; The Observation and Description of the Teaching Behavior of Selected Physical Education Teachers; Developing Interaction Analysis Instrusents in Physical Education; Use of Interaction Analysis in Pre-Service Teacher Preparation; The StatiStical Analysis of Cafias Data; ApplicAtions cf Behavior Modification in Athletic Environments; Evaluating the Behavior Contract; Accountability in the Gymnasium: A Behavior Analysis Approach; Behavioral Self - Modification in Teacher Education; Emphasizing Teacher Behavior as an Educational Tool; Contingency Management Learning Systems; Innovation in Girl's Physical Education in New Trier Township High School; The Women's Swimming Association cf New York: The Golden Years, 1920-19140; Women in Physical Education and Sports at Centre College. from 1860 to 1978; Women's Equity Movement in Sports at a Large University: A Movement Within a Movement, 1970-77; and In Search of the Golden Age cf Women's Sports. References are included with each article. (ES) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** 111 rr--I ARHPER Research Consortium SYMPOSIUM PAPERS: TEACHING BEHAVIOR AND WOMEN IN SPORT Richard H. Cox Deportment of Health Physical Education & Recreation Kansas State University EDITOR "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. MATERIAL IN MICROFICHE ONLY EDUCATION A WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HAS BEEN GRANTED BY EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- OUCEO EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN- ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED 00 NOT NECESSARILY REPRE- SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES EOUCATION POSITION OR POLICY INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." VOLUME IIBOOK 1 1979 ti Cams Copyright AMERICAN ALLY /"PP HEALTH. PHYSICAL EDUCA7IKIN :z..ECREATIOtol 1201 16th St., N.W_ ftlasnmar-, 20:1c.* Stock No. 248-." A NOTE I : THE READER The Symmemmium Papers iliolLxe II. Books 1,. 2, end 3) are pub- lished witty- ame major purpose I mind. The :papers are ihmended to provide be reader with and.to -ente synthesis of nese-crash in a wide meriety of areas. 404%!Esentations *mere *reflect from each of the serer associations of RIPER. Rev** boarils screened Symposier Presentations under w, direction of the Research Con- sortium Fhmllient-elect. Spec, attention was ghee to the quality .ctf lite presentations a04& to the reecartice of the reearch syntheses- to the practioners inn each of seven asseciathons. Theineiresium Papers are- Je i ng made agar-liable for sale at the convection at which the Amsual papersJare pesented. This is done to mare these researchssentheses available to Alliance members at cre earliest possthle time, while the !binormatf,on is current and useful. To do the s, it ,was necessary dn -mane eec author responsible for 'preparrrng his :or her own eanmestrtot. "lt be eligible for publication amighons were rewired sit intent to publish early in Aler Ord Warlit typed in the proper formate, -4ebnsary '417c. In.-sgses where authors failed to meet the efon!hwlisted mr.lichlimes. VW oadens were deleted from this publiNattun. These S osium Pa ers Ire photsgraohel_ mum- scripts su mitted by eac author. "hesr-Poorev-ityOsymposia served as the editing,proceLs, once aCCerAdr JVIO' nnBonsibill-ity for the content rests with the auther(s). It is hoped that these Symposium Pamers are 1 to igniters of all associations of AAHPER. Richard H. Cox Editor David H. Clarke President -elect Research Consortium Nate: -:acause xf tee le Igth imi=i on imposed on a hors nofeeence i sts are nes FMrni ty cilTrt. In most cases nore c=ompletil meferemce Ttsts are amailabi= from authors 1 on remelt. Table of Contents Thorrxes.J. MartinekA Model for the Study of Pygmalion Effects in Phipsical Education 7 Ray Ai liardA Need to Look at Dyadic Interactions 13 Patricia-B. CroweAn Observational Study of Teachers' Expectancy Effects and Their Mediating Mechanisms 17 Fred M. OienTeacher Directed Behavior Toward Individual Students 22 David. E. Wood, John T. F. CheffersAdventure Education: Analyzing Behavior Patterns, Objectives, Sequencing, Perspectives 27 Bennett J. Lombardo, John T. F. CheffersThe Observation and Description of the Teaching Behavior of Selected Physical Education Teachers 32 John T. F. CheffersDeveloping Interaction Analysis Instruments in Physical Education 37 Victor H. ManciniUse of Interaction Analysis in Pre-Service Teacher Preparation 47 Harold H. MorrisThe Statistical Analysis of Cafias Data 52 Tiaras LiskevychApplications of Behavior Modification in Athletic Environments 55 -Carey HughleyEvaluating the BehOiOr Contract 60 Thomas L. McKenzieAccountability in the Gymnasium: A Behavior Analysis Approach 65 1St Dianne HallBehavioral Self-Modification in Teacher Education 70 Frank N. RifeEmphasizing Teacher Behavior Ai An Educational Tool 75 Paul W. DarstContingency Management Learning Systems 81 Estelle M. FotschInnovation in Girls' Physical Education in New Trier Township High School, Winnetka, Illinois 1930 to 1960 86 Harold A. Lerch, Paula D. WelchThe Women's Swimming Association of New York: The Golden Years, 1920-1940 91 Kitty R. BairdWomen in Physical Education and Sportsat Centre College from 1860 to 1978 96 Anne G. IngramWomen's Equity Movement in Sportsat a Large University: A Movement Within a Movement, 1970-1977 101 June Becht, Wayne McFarlandIn Search of the Golden Age of Women's Sports 108 6 A Mom Nor Mr lb* offtiallintillab In AlliontEdataillat UaTansamolaerIMINlie, atallarsion 37432 :); The Telatit:cesip between: atoe sccum,,T and teacher has enormms consequences for academii -and emmxi,:,41;welI-being of the ccild. However, while ac: tars prork-F'l he total growth and re,!- development of child, DT. _A,- inmem actually reap all the benefits of :-eaching pr cess raeciemisason for this is that teachers canscio-,, Jr uncnals .ous: e?-rhiht 41:referential behavior toward certain sturummes in zRaetm- ci lamenthal and Jacobson (1968) in their bnpoisamaL_ton-,/C..,iasmsuzmprovide convincing evidence that teams esm give di. 'ere- :.11:7-zeal:meat tq their students as a result of certamn exile ca% ons y the teacher. Rosenthal and Jacobson hypothesized teat jles- .dications for student achieve- ment would function Is Belt -iL.jfill_ng milthecies. A self - fulfil :_7 proptmec is 7-7exctatiori or prediction which initiates a series-- everts, to...; :e t original expectation or prediction to come =cue. ath0er if the teacher expects a particular student -=o periMrx"! .4(.11 aridtdex high-achiever in the classroom, and beg=s acting; boa:, rrtudent in certain ways, the student may, is fact, 111 wo Adc to tr,,- utpectation of beinga high achiever. Liamwise, the teacc,, aspects a particular stu- dent to be a low_ishmiever ono:: waves rztaccordance with that expec- tation, then the 3adent will oemave a_ , believes he is expected to behave. This lehmasior nay be manifer-Ied in either a positiveor negative direction ,11Eartinek Jonnsoz_ 78). Although mite micern J.1 out the stuci's methodological proced- ures has been errrraweed (Tir.rmdike,19+40.a: Cronbach & Fruby, 1970; Elashoff & Snow, 1977r) ,rertr-'k Ations the study nevertheless sup- ported the existence of the tpmplion :henry. For example, Brophy and Good (1974)-Tevtewed cyc..sixty studies that indicated teacher expectations do. In act, ,70.1Jate differential teacher-student interaction. 1J ,r'. late., zone of the studies reported by Brophy and Good (1974) in- ._,i at enxpectation effects in the physical edu- cation setting. T -cps tirtz-- is due to the fact that physical education reseam,.. :re at trcit looked at the effects of instruc- tional models cz ,J gramma of children rather than individual students. This --4,-cher 'relieves that a model from which pygmal- ion research can 7ocept:21olized and guided is one solution. The purpose of this Ilst s tc ?resent such a model, outlining the process through-wb:- =his research can be pursued. 7 Or. PROPOSED MODEL The tenets of the Model further supplest I) that teachersform expectations of their studentsas a resu_< of perceptions gained through previous contact withthe etudes= wt by the receiving past information about the student's