USERS Part No. 061-3440-00 TEK MANUAL Product Group 07 TEKTRONIX SMALLTALK Please Check at the Rear of this Manual for NOTES and CHANGE INFORMATION First Printing JUNE 1987 COMMtnED TO EXCRlENCE Copyright © 1987, Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. This document may not be copied in whole or in part, or otherwise reproduced except as specifically permitted under U.S. copyright law, without the prior written concent of Tektronix, Inc. P.O. Box 500, Beaverton, Oregon 97077. Specifications subject to change. TEKTRONIX ,TEK, and UTek are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc. UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories. PELLUCIDA is a trademark of Bigelow & Holmes. HELVETICA and TIMES are registered trademarks of Linotype Corp. UniFLEX is a registered trademark of Technical Systems Consultants, Inc. Smalltalk-80 and XEROX are trademarks of Xerox Corporation. ,. MANUAL REVISION STATUS PRODUCT: TEKTRONIX SMALLTALK USERS This manual supports the following versions of this product: Image Version: TB2.2.1 REV DATE DESCRIPTION JUNE 1987 Original Issue TEKTRONIX SMALL TALK USERS 1 Table of Contents SECTION 1 Introduction INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1-1 ABOUT THIS MANUAL ....................................................................................................... 1-1 Prerequisites ................................................................................... .............................. .......... 1-1 Reading Path ........................................ ....... ............. ......... ................. .................................... 1-1 For the New Smalltalk Programmer ............................... ............... ......... ........ ..................... 1-1 For the Experienced Small talk Programmer .................................................. ....... .............. 1-2 SUMMARY OF THE SECTIONS .......................................................................................... 1-2 THE TEKTRONIX SMALLTALK DOCUMENTATION ..................................................... 1-3 The Goldberg Book ....................... ........................................................................................ 1-3 GETTING STARTED ..................... .............................................................................. .......... 1-4 SECTION 2 A Smalltalk Tutorial OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 2-1 TUTORIAL ............................................................................................................................. 2-1 Entering the Smalltalk System .. ............. .... ......... .... ......... ......... ........... ........ ..................... 2-1 Learning Mouse Mechanics ............................................................................................... 2-2 Using the Mouse Buttons .................................................................................................. 2-3 Selecting Objects ... ....... ...... ....... ...... ..... ........ ... ........... ...... ............... ........................ .......... 2-4 Scrolling Text in a Window........... ....... .... .... ......... .................. ............... ........... .... ......... ... 2-4 Opening a Workspace Window ......................................................................................... 2-6 Evaluating Code in a Workspace ....................................................................................... 2-6 Manipulating Text in a Workspace ................................................................................... 2-8 Accessing Small talk Code .. ....... ...... ................ ........ ... .......... ....... ......... ........ ... ........ .......... 2-8 Executing Example Code ... ......... .... ......... ....... .... ......... ........ ..... ................. ............. ........ 2-10 Altering the 'Code ..................................................... ........................................................ 2-12 Communicating with the Operating System ............... .......... ...................... ..................... 2-12 Writing Files Out to the Operating System ..................................................................... 2-15 Manipulating Windows ............... .... ........... ............. ... .......... ........................................... 2-16 Saving Your Image .......................................................................................................... 2-16 Exiting Smalltalk ............................................................................................................. 2-17 Invoking Your Image File ............... ............. ..... ...... ..... ........ .................. .... ........... .......... 2-18 SECTION 3 Smalltalk Concepts OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 3-1 THE SMALLTALK LANGUAGE ......................................................................................... 3-1 Key Concepts ........................................................................................................................ 3-1 Syntax ................................................................................................................................... 3-2 Identifiers .......................................................................................................................... 3-2 Li terals ............................................... ;.............................................................................. 3-2 Messages ........................................................................................................................... 3-3 Blocks ............................................................................................................................... 3-4 Parsing Expressions .............................................................................................................. 3-5 An Example of Smalltalk Code ............................................................................................ 3-6 PROGRAMMING TOOLS .................................................................................................... 3-8 System Browser .................................................................................................................... 3-8 Workspaces ........................................................................................................................... 3-9 System Transcript ................................................................................................................. 3-9 System Workspace ................................................................................................................ 3-9 Tektronix Smalltalk Users III Table of Contents File List .................................................................................................................................. 3-9 Inspectors .. ...... ..... ........ ............. ....... ............... ......... ............... ........... ....... ...... .................. ..... 3-9 Debuggers ..... ............. .................. ...... ..... ........ ................ .......... ......... ............. ....... ...... ........ 3-10 EXTENDING TI-IE LANGUAGE ........................................................................................ 3-10 Adding a New Metllod ......................................................................................................... 3-10 Adding a New Class ............................................................................................................ 3-14 Define tlle New Class ...................................................................................................... 3-16 Add New Instance Protocol ............................................................................................. 3-16 Add New Class Protocol ... ........... .... ....... ...... ..... .... ............. ..... ...... ............. ........... .......... 3-18 Test the New Class ........... ............... ... .......... ....... .... .................... ......... ................. ..... ..... 3-19 SECTION 4 User Interface Features INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 4-1 Objectives ............................................... ................. ........... ............... .................................... 4-1 GLOBAL KEY COMBINATIONS ........................................................................................ 4-1 Interrupts and Exits ................................................................................................................ 4-1 CTRL-C ................................................................................................................................. 4-2 CTRL-SHIFf-C ..................................................................................................................... 4-2 CTRL-SHIFf- BREAK ......................................................................................................... 4-2 Cursor Center Key ................................................................................................................. 4-3 MENUS ..................................................................................................................................