The BulleTin of the Genealogical Forum of Oregon, Inc. Portland, Oregon Volume 62, Number 4 June 2013 GENEALOGICAL FORUM OF OREGON 2505 S.E. 11th Ave., Suite B-18 Portland, Oregon 97202-1061 503-963-1932 www.gfo.org OFFICERS THE BULLETIN President Laurel Smith Bulletin Editorial Team: Vice President Janet Irwin Susan Olsen LeBlanc, Judith Beaman Scott, Secretary Keith Pyeatt Carol Ralston Surrency. Treasurer Jeanette Hopkins Column Editors: Susan Olsen LeBlanc, Judith Directors-at-Large Rhonda Stone, Gerry Lenzen Beaman Scott, Harvey Steele, Carol Ralston Endowment Committee Marty Krauter Surrency, Lyleth Winther, Loretta Welsh Proofreaders: Elsie Deatherage, Dick Foley, Toby Hurley, Bonnie LaDoe, Marguerite K. McNair, Danni Mooney. MEMBERSHIP $40 Individual - 12 months - OR - Deadlines for submissions $80 -25 months. 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THIS PERIODICAL IS INDEXED IN PERSI of the Genealogical Forum of Oregon Volume 62, Issue 4 June 2013 FEATURE ARTICLES U.S. Indian Wars Timeline by Carol Ralston Surrency 3 The Modoc War, Violence among the Lava Beds by June Ralston Anderson 7 Oregon’s Last Indian War; The Bannock War of 1878 by Carol Ralston Surrency 12 Pacific Northwest Indian War Pensions by Peggy Baldwin 15 The Black Hawk War of Illinois by Kristy Lawrie Gravlin 19 Cherokee Wars by June Ralston Anderson 23 REGULAR COLUMNS Educate Yourself ~ by Susan LeBlanc GFO Microfilm Cabinets, US Material and Then by States, Part II by Vicki Bonagofski and Susan LeBlanc, AG 26 Written in Stone ~ Carol Ralston Surrency To Capture the Essence of a Cemetery 32 Relics ~ Harvey Steele Powder River Expedition 34 Extracts ~ Multnomah County Marriage Register Index 1911-1912 Marie Diers and Eileen Chamberlin 38 Book Reviews ~ Susan LeBlanc 42 In Memorium 44 The Bulletin Genealogical Forum of Oregon Letter From The Editor From the beginning of European settlement in North America, there has been conflict with native people. The earliest explorers, Spanish, French and British all came looking to advance their wealth and power whether through the acquisition of land, resources or trade. Meeting that desire often put them at odds with the culture and lifestyle of the American Indian. For a taste of the number of Indian wars and battles our ancestor’s experienced or fought in, look at the timeline that begins the feature articles. This is far from being a complete list, but, hopefully, it will give a sense of the scope and frequency with which clashes occurred. Feature articles on the Modoc War and the Bannock War take place, partly, in Oregon and tell us about hardships endured by both Indians and settlers. To give a sense of nationwide events, we picked the Black Hawk War and some parts of the Cherokee Wars to share with you. Our regular column, Relics, contains an article about the Powder River campaign while Educate Yourself finishes the listing of microfilm contained at GFO. Written in Stone has a potpourri of cemetery news, including an update on a husband and wife previously featured in the column. As usual, we include extracts and Book Reviews The intent for this issue was to give a little taste of some of the lesser known Indian conflicts, rather than the more commonly told stories of Chief Joseph or the Whitman massacre. So, we hope you enjoy the June 2013 Bulletin and, perhaps, learn a little something new. Carol Surrency Submission Guidelines and Copyright Agreement The Bulletin staff welcomes submissions of original material. Submissions are ac- cepted in electronic format only. By submitting material the author gives the GFO permission to publish. The editors of The Bulletin reserve the right to make changes if the submission is accepted. Copyright of all material printed in The Bulletin of the Genealogical Forum of Oregon is reserved for the author. Permission to reprint any article must be obtained from the author. Contact information may be obtained from the editor. (Contact the editors at [email protected].) Page 2 June 2013 Volume 62 No. 4 Genealogical Forum of Oregon The Bulletin Feature Articles U.S. Indian Wars Timeline Carol Ralston Surrency This is not by any means a definitive listing of Indian February 29, 1704 Deerfield Massacre. wars, battles or skirmishes occurring in the long strug- Abenaki, Wyandot and other tribesmen with French-Ca- gle between two cultures with differing values regarding nadian militia, attack Deerfield, Massachusetts, killing land and lifestyle. It is an attempt to list some of the ma- 56 and taking many more captive. jor clashes familiar to most, as well as lessor known but no less important events. Terrible atrocities were com- 1711 Tuscarora War. mitted on both sides, so the list attempts some balance in In North Carolina, the Tuscarora attacked settlements, the selection of battles. killing settlers and destroying farms. James Moore and Yamasee warriors defeated the raiders in 1713. 1540-41 Tiquex War. First war between Europeans and Native Americans. 1715-18 Yamasee War. Fought by army of Francisco Vasquez de Coronado In the Southern Carolinas, Yamasees’ together with other against 12 pueblos of Tiwa Indians in New Mexico. tribes almost exterminate a white settlement. March 22, 1622 Jamestown Massacre. 1728 The Second Fox War. Powhatan Indians kill 347 English settlers in the Virginia The Fox were reduced to 500 by French Troops and In- Colony. dian allies. 1622-44 Powhatan Wars. 1736 The Chickasaw Wars. Contact was initially peaceful, but twelve years of con- Fought between the Chickasaw who were British allies flict left numerous natives and colonists dead and the Choctaws, French allies. 1636-37 Pequot War. 1774-1763 French and Indian War. Death of a colonist created a war that involving Con- Called the Seven Years War in the U.S., fought between necticut and Rhode Island that left 600-700 Indians dead. French Colonies with their Indian allies and British Col- Survivors were sold into slavery in Bermuda. onies and their Indian allies. 1675-76 King Phillip’s War. August, 1757 Fort William Henry Massacre. A bloody war up and down the Connecticut River Val- After the fall of the fort, as many as 180 British and co- ley causing the death of 600 colonists and 3000 Native lonial prisoners are killed by Indian allies of the French. Americans, including women and children. 1760-62 Cherokee Uprising. 1680-92 Pueblo Revolt. Difficulties between the British and the Cherokee causes In Arizona and New Mexico, Pueblo Indians rebelled an uprising in Virginia, the Carolinas and Tennessee. against the Spanish, and were free for 12 years until they were reconquered in 1692. 1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion. War Chief Pontiac and a large alliance chased the British 1689-1697 King William’s War. from every fort but Detroit. The first French and Indian War, the war was fought be- December, 1763 Killing by the Paxton Boys. tween England, France and their Indian allies. Pennsylvania settlers’ settler’s kill 20 peaceful Susque- hannock in response to Pontiac’s Rebellion. February 8, 1690. Schenectady Massacre. French and Algonquians destroy the town, killing 60 set- July 6 1764 Enoch Brown School Massacre. tlers including 10 women and 12 children. Four Delaware Indians kill a school master, 10 pupils and June 2013 Volume 62 No. 4 Page 3 The Bulletin Genealogical Forum of Oregon a pregnant woman. Two pupils who were scalped sur- 1832 Black Hawk War. vived. Occurring in Illinois and Wisconsin, the Sac and the Fox tribes attempted to move back to their homeland. (See 1774 Lord Dunmore’s War. story in this Bulletin.) Shawnee and Ming Indians raid traders and settlers in the Ohio River Valley and Governor Dunmore, of Virginia 1832 Department of Indian Affairs established. sent militia to defeat the Indians. Spring, 1833 Cutthroat Gap Massacre. 1776-1790 Chickamauga Wars also known as Second Osage Indians wipe out a Kiowa village in Indian Terri- Cherokee War. tory. Cherokee involvement in the Revolutionary War, Chief 1835, 42 Second Seminole War. Dragging Canoe and his people fought settlers in Ten- Seminoles’ resumed fighting for their homeland in Flor- nessee, Kentucky, Virginia, the Carolinas and Georgia. ida. November 11, 1778 Cherry Valley Massacre. 1835 Creek Uprising. An attack by British and Seneca Indians on a fort and Creek forces defeated and tribe removed to Indian Terri- village in eastern New York, during the Revolution.