include 2011 PROCEEDINGS i COPYRIGHT © 2011 Royal College of Art All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the advice and information in this book is true and accurate at the time of going to press. However, neither the publisher nor the authors can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. In the case of drug administration, any medical procedure or the use of technical equipment mentioned within this book, you are strongly advised to consult the manufacturer’s guidelines. ISBN: 978-1-907342-29-5 Conference sponsors: Audi UK and BT Challenge sponsors: Sanctuary Care and Design Week Conference supporters: Age UK, Design Science, Taylor & Francis Conference partners: Cambridge Engineering Design Centre, i-design, KT-Equal, Norwegian Design Council Conference organisers: Helen Hamlyn Centre Conference chairs: Sean Donahue, Graham Pullin, Nina Warburton vii CONTENTS Page Session 5B – On the Body 675 Sweet Dreams: needs assessment and prototype design of post-mastectomy sleepwear 676 Sandra Tullio-Pow, Rebecca Zhu, Kirsten Schaefer, Oxana Kolenchenko, Joyce Nyhof-Young Fashioning Identity: inclusive clothing design and spinal cord injury 686 Imogen Howe Cinderella You Can go to the Ball: inclusive footwear design at the intersection of medicine 696 and fashion Fiona Candy, Anita Williams Compression Garments: informed by sensory integration dysfunction 706 Tania Allan Ross Session 5C – Gathering Insights 712 Crossing data: Where do users’ preferences come from? 713 J.B. Cruz, C. Duarte, Ana Correia de Barros Is green a grey area? Sustainability and inclusivity; the ageing population and recycling 723 Joseph Langley, Alaster Yoxall, Stephan Kuhlmann, Heath Reed Creating a Process to Design a Logo: consultation methods to discover a collective language 733 and new ways to communicate choices Fran O’Hara Translating Inclusive Capability Data for Designers 738 Edward Elton, Colette Nicolle Session 5D – Educating Designers 748 A Decade of Educating Designers in Socially Responsible Design Provides Profiles of 749 Successful Innovation Phyllis Borcherding, Dale Murray Talking About it is a Beginning: The first students’ inclusive design projects 758 Sanja Bencetic Social Digital Objects for Grandparents 768 Graham Pullin, Jon Rogers, Richard Banks, Tim Regan, Ali Napier, Polly Duplock Introducing Fashion Design Students to the User Needs of a Group of 55+ Active Women 778 Phyllis Borcherding, Jane McCann Session 6A – Inclusion and Engagement 788 Inclusive Retailers: visually impaired shoppers’ perceptions and preferences 789 Hong Yu, Sandra Tullio-Pow Every Little Counts:sense of security as a basic need for all 800 Ingo Aurin viii CONTENTS Page Questioning Communication in Tactile Representation 810 Megan Strickfaden, Aymeric Vildieu Interact and Include: Countering ABLE* Universities 820 Goksenin Inalhan, Asli Sungur Ergeneoglu Session 6B – Domestic Environments 830 NHS at Home: Using Lego Serious Play to capture service narratives and envision future 831 healthcare products David Swann Designing Reminders for the Home: the role of home tours 837 Marilyn McGee-Lennon, Maria Wolters, Stephen Brewster Cooking with a Visual Impairment 847 Fien Thoolen, Hendrik Schifferstein Ageing and the Kitchen: a study of everyday object interactions 857 Samuel Hyde, Alexis Lefevre, Lucy Buykx, Matt Carre, Roger Lewis, Raymond Holt, Catherine Barnes, Helen Petrie, Paul Cairns Session 6C – Concepts and Ideas 867 Hidden Meanings: challenging normality through design 868 Tom Bieling, Stefan Goellner Inclusive Practice: researching the relationship between mathmatical ability and drawing 874 ability in art students Howard Riley, Qona Rankin, Chris McManus, Rebecca Chamberlain, Nicola Brunswick Designing for People that are WELL Old 883 Laurence Clift, Edward Elton Integrating Style with Function Through Emotion Driven Design: creating breakthrough 893 products to enhance independence for individuals with disabilities Stephen Sundarrao, Don Dekker, Rajiv Dubey Session 6D – Inclusive Technology 898 Keeping in Touch: smartphone touchscreens and customers with disabilities 899 Ben Lippincott, John Morris, James Mueller Designing in Social Benefits 901 Alison Burrows, Val Mitchell, Colette Nicolle An Inclusive Universal Interface for Electronic Devices: a proposal 919 Stephen Wilcox Sustainable Social Innovation by Design: breaking down the boundaries 926 Bryan Manning, Boris Altemeyer, Stephen Benton 788 Session 6A Inclusion and Engagement 789 PAPERS Inclusive retailers: Visually impaired shoppers’ perceptions and preferences Hong Yu Ryerson University Sandra Tullio-Pow Ryerson University Abstract This project investigates visually impaired shoppers’ apparel shopping experiences, preferred store features, and perceptions of inclusive retail store quality.The exploratory study uses a telephone survey method for data collection, with a sample of 62 low vision respondents residing in rural and urban areas in Canada. The questionnaire measures: (a) shopping experiences including frequency, types of stores frequented, past shopping experiences, and overall satisfaction; (b) perceived importance of store features; and (c) demographics. An open- ended question concludes the questionnaire and findings from the qualitative data are presented. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the scale measuring perceptions of retail store features. Three factors were identified: store ambience, store accessibility, and service quality. In addition, t-tests were conducted to compare the importance of retail store features as perceived by male versus female and by urban versus rural respondents. Based on the findings, the researchers discuss implications for academics, policy makers, and practitioners in the related fields. Keywords Inclusive retail design, shopping experience, visually impaired Visual impairment Vision loss is a detrimental effect of aging that impacts physical, social, and psychological aspects of people’s lives [30, 35]. Approximately 3.6 million Canadians are diagnosed with disabilities, including 648,000 people with visual impairment or blindness, many of whom are elderly [21]. In the U.S., more than 3 million Americans over age 40 live with blindness and low vision [32, 33]. Without a doubt, the prevalence of eye disease increases with age; the American cohort with blindness or low vision may reach 5.5 million by 2020 [32]. Using North American criteria, blindness is defined as the maximal visual acuity in the better eye being equal or less than 20/200, while low vision is classified as maximal visual acuity in one eye equal or less than 20/40 [27]. It is important to note that only a small fraction of the Canadian population is blind; the majority of visually impaired persons live with low vision [27]. As a rule, most people adjust reluctantly to predictable changes in vision as they enter middle age: they purchase reading glasses to compensate for the inability to focus on small print, need increased light levels for improved contrast perception, and find it more difficult to drive at night 790 PAPERS due to hindered glare recovery from oncoming headlights [9]. However, with advancing age, other serious forms of eye disease and vision loss may occur, including macular degeneration, which typically impacts central vision; cataracts, which manifest as reduced glare recovery and decreased visual acuity; glaucoma, which initially presents as a loss in peripheral vision; and diabetic retinopathy, whose symptoms include overall decreases in visual acuity, colour perception, and the ability to adapt from dark to light [10, 16, 36]. Some of these symptoms may be improved with surgery or medication [35] and resulting vision loss may be offset by using handheld magnifiers, specialized glasses with tinted filters to reduce glare, large print computer software, voice synthesizers, and audio books or other talking devices [10]. Loss of vision correlates to reduced quality of life [1, 23, 29, 30, 35]. Persons with visual impairment have an increased risk of falls and associated injuries (e.g., hip fractures), medication mistakes, social isolation, and depression [9, 23, 35]. These issues have critical significance now that our society includes more than 4.6 million Canadians over the age of 65 [39]. Inclusive retail design Traditional design processes for products and the retail environment focus primarily on the mainstream market, with little attention to the needs of aging baby boomers and the disabled community [13, 25]. As people are living longer [38] and more people are living with some type of disability [20], incorporating universal design principles into design practice has become increasingly necessary. Inclusive Design (sometimes referred to as Universal or Accessible Design) is defined as “the design of all products and environments to be usable by people of all ages and abilities to the greatest extent possible” [40]. Market accessibility is one of the key principles of Inclusive Design [11] and forms the core justification of this study. Over the last 25 years, society has become more aware of the barriers facing people with special needs. For example, since the Canadian federal