Asylum Information Database Country Report Italy 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was written by Maria de Donato, Head of the legal department, Italian Council for Refugees and it was edited by ECRE. Updating of the report by Daniela Di Rado, Deputy head of the Legal department and Daniela Maccioni, legal consultant. The information in this report is up-to-date as of January 2015. The AIDA project The AIDA project is jointly coordinated by the European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE), Forum Réfugiés-Cosi, Irish Refugee Council and the Hungarian Helsinki Committee. It aims to provide up-to date information on asylum practice in 14 EU Member States (AT, BE, BG, DE, FR, GR, HU, IE, IT, MT, NL, PL, SE, UK) which is easily accessible to the media, researchers, advocates, legal practitioners and the general public through the dedicated website www.asylumineurope.org. Furthermore the project seeks to promote the implementation and transposition of EU asylum legislation reflecting the highest possible standards of protection in line with international refugee and human rights law and based on best practice. This report is part of the AIDA project (Asylum Information Database) funded by the European Programme for Integration and Migration (EPIM). Additional research for the second update of this report was developed with financial support from the Fundamental Rights and Citizenship Programme of the European Union (FRAME Project). The contents of the report are the sole responsibility of the Bulgarian Helsinki Committee and ECRE and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Commission. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Statistics .................................................................................................. 5 Overview of the legal framework and practice ..................................... 7 Overview of the main changes since the previous report update ..... 11 Asylum Procedure ................................................................................ 14 A. General .................................................................................................................... 14 1. Flow Chart .............................................................................................................................. 14 1. Types of procedures .............................................................................................................. 15 2. List of authorities intervening in each stage of the procedure ............................................... 15 3. Number of staff and nature of the first instance authority (responsible for taking the decision on the asylum application at the first instance) ...................................................................... 15 4. Short overview of the asylum procedure................................................................................ 16 B. Procedures .............................................................................................................. 17 1. Registration of the Asylum Application .................................................................................. 17 5. Regular procedure ................................................................................................................. 20 General (scope, time limits) ................................................................................................... 20 Appeal .................................................................................................................................... 22 Personal Interview .................................................................................................................. 23 Legal assistance .................................................................................................................... 24 6. Dublin ..................................................................................................................................... 26 Procedure ............................................................................................................................... 27 Appeal .................................................................................................................................... 32 Personal Interview .................................................................................................................. 33 Legal assistance .................................................................................................................... 34 Suspension of transfers ......................................................................................................... 34 7. Admissibility procedures ........................................................................................................ 35 8. Border procedure (border and transit zones) ......................................................................... 35 9. Accelerated procedures ......................................................................................................... 36 C. Information for asylum seekers and access to NGOs and UNHCR ..................... 36 D. Subsequent applications ........................................................................................ 39 E. Guarantees for vulnerable groups of asylum seekers (children, traumatised persons, survivors of torture) ................................................................................ 40 1. Special Procedural guarantees .............................................................................................. 40 3 2. Use of medical reports ........................................................................................................... 43 3. Age assessment and legal representation of unaccompanied children ................................ 44 F. The safe country concepts ..................................................................................... 47 G. Treatment of specific nationalities ........................................................................ 47 Reception Conditions ........................................................................... 51 A. Access and forms of reception conditions ........................................................... 51 1. Criteria and restrictions to access reception conditions ......................................................... 51 2. Forms and levels of material reception conditions ................................................................. 55 3. Types of accommodation ....................................................................................................... 58 4. Conditions in reception facilities ............................................................................................. 62 5. Reduction or withdrawal of reception conditions ................................................................... 66 6. Access to reception centres by third parties .......................................................................... 67 7. Addressing special reception needs of vulnerable persons ................................................... 67 8. Provision of information.......................................................................................................... 68 9. Freedom of movement ........................................................................................................... 68 B. Employment and education ................................................................................... 69 1. Access to the labour market .................................................................................................. 69 2. Access to education ............................................................................................................... 71 C. Health care .............................................................................................................. 71 Detention of Asylum Seekers .............................................................. 74 A. General .................................................................................................................... 74 B. Grounds for detention ............................................................................................ 77 C. Detention conditions .............................................................................................. 84 D. Procedural safeguards and judicial review of the detention order ..................... 92 E. Legal assistance ..................................................................................................... 94 Annex – Transposition of the CEAS in national legislation ............... 96 4 Statistics Table 1: Applications and granting of protection status at first instance in 20131 Total Rejections Subsidiary Humanitarian Refugee Subsidiary Humanitarian applicants (in-merit and Refugee rate protection Protection Rejection rate status protection Protection 2013 admissibility) rate rate B C D E B/(B+C+D+E)% C/(B+C+D+E)% D/(B+C+D+E)% E/(B+C+D+E)% Total 27 930 3310 5550 7525 9060 12% 20% 27% 32% numbers Breakdown by countries of origin of the total numbers Nigeria 3 580 65 205 1425 1850 2% 6% 40% 52% Pakistan 3 310 240 370 705 1345 9% 14% 27% 51% Somalia 2 885 330 1210 15 45 21% 76% 1% 3% Eritrea 2 215 940 420 60 95 62% 28% 4% 6% Afghanistan 2 175 285 1170 185 140 16% 66% 10% 8% Mali 1 870 10 1025 480 200 1% 60% 28% 12% The Gambia 1 825 20 10 355 300 3% 1% 52% 44% Senegal 1 060 40 30 275 490 5% 4% 33% 59% Egypt 975 100 55 205 135 20% 11% 41% 27% Syria 695 260 150 0 370 33%