Plant Propagation Protocol for Angelica genuflexa ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production Protocol URL: https://courses.washington.edu/esrm412/protocols/ANGE2.pdf North American Distribution1 Washington Distribution2 TAXONOMY Plant Family Scientific Name Apiaceae / Umbelliferae Common Name Carrot Family Species Scientific Name Scientific Name Angelica genuflexa Nutt. Varieties N/A Sub-species N/A Cultivar N/A Common Synonym(s) N/A Common Name(s) Kneeling Angelica Species Code (as per USDA Plants ANGE2 database) GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range Found West of the Cascades in Washington, in Alaska to down South in California. Also found in West Canada3. Maps are also above. Ecological distribution Found in wet ecosystems: meadows, coasts, stream banks, and wetlands2. Climate and elevation range Grows in mid to low elevations3 Local habitat and abundance Associated with Mountain hemlock, Pacific silver fir, and Western hemlock forests7. Grows moist areas: swamps, stream banks, and flooded or ponded marshes7. Plant strategy type / successional Is moderately shade tolerant, can thrive in stable stage communities7. Plant characteristics A stout perennial herb. Grows 1-1.5 meters tall4. Features a hollow, that is often purple and shiny stem2. Stalk is bent, giving its name. Grows from a tap root5. Leaves are pinnately compound, with the first pair of leaflets being bent back at stem. Leaflets are ovate to lanceolate, coarsely toothed, and 1-4 inches long2. Flowers are clustered, contains up to 50 rays, each ray containing its own smaller cluster of white or pink flowers5. PROPAGATION DETAILS Ecotype N/A Propagation Goal Seeds Propagation Method Seeds Product Type Seeds Stock Type N/A Time to Grow Late summer to winter. Target Specifications Until seedlings are large enough to handle6. Propagule Collection Instructions Collect seeds when slightly green, before they fall off7. A bag is put over flowers to collect seeds8. Seeds are collected during late summer to early fall7. Flower and fruit bloom late July to August. Propagule Processing/Propagule N/A Characteristics Pre-Planting Propagule Treatments Seeds require cold stratification for germination7. Growing Area Preparation / Annual Plant may take up to two or more seasons to produce Practices for Perennial Crops seed7. Establishment Phase Details When seedlings are large enough to be handled6. Length of Establishment Phase Late summer to winter. Active Growth Phase When seedlings are large enough, put into individual pots and prepare for the first winter. Keep soil most. Needs light. Length of Active Growth Phase Two growing seasons7. Hardening Phase N/A Length of Hardening Phase N/A Harvesting, Storage and Shipping Seeds are harvested at peak of ripening stage7. Sown shortly after to prepare for cold season. Length of Storage No storage, viability and germination rates of seeds are low7. Guidelines for Outplanting / As a perennial, may take up to two growing seasons to Performance on Typical Sites flower7. Seeds have low viability, are sown in cold frame9. Other Comments N/A INFORMATION SOURCES References See below Other Sources Consulted See below Protocol Author Kelly Au Vu Date Protocol Created or Updated 04/27/16 References 1 Plants Profile for Angelica genuflexa (kneeling angelica). (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2016, from http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ANGE2 2Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2016, from http://www.pnwflowers.com/flower/angelica-genuflexa 3Giblin, D. (n.d.). WTU Herbarium Image Collection - Burke Museum. Retrieved April 27, 2016, from http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Angelica 4 Evergreen State College: Angelica genuflexa. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2016, from http://academic.evergreen.edu/projects/gardens/longhouse/monographs/angelica1.htm 5 California Native Plant Society: Kneeling Angelica. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2016, from http://calscape.org/Angelica-genuflexa-(Kneeling-Angelica)?srchcr=sc572008b0aea40 6 Practical Plants. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2016, from http://practicalplants.org/wiki/Angelica_genuflexa 7 US Forest Service. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2016, from http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr513/gtr513b.pdf pg. 25-26 8 Carroll, J. (2012). Angelica Propagation. Retrieved April 27, 2016, from http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/herbs/angelica/propagating-angelica-plants.htm 9 Medicinal Herbs. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2016, from http://www.naturalmedicinalherbs.net/herbs/a/angelica-genuflexa=kneeling-angelica.php Other Sources Consulted King County: Native Plant Guide. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2016, from https://green2.kingcounty.gov/gonative/Plant.aspx?Act=view NPIN: Native Plant Database. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2016, from http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ANGE2 Above is revised version of protocol below. Found at: http://depts.washington.edu/propplnt/Plants/Kneeling_angelica.htm Species: Angelica genuflexa Commonly called Kneeling Angelica Range Angelica genuflexa is found in North America from Alaska south to northern California, west of the Cascade range in the United States, and west of the Selkirk Mountains in British Columbia. Climate, elevation This particular species is found west of Cascades below 2500’ft. Local occurrence Found in wet locations particularly bogs. It is a rare species in Washington, found more commonly in British Columbia. Habitat preferences Kneeling angelica may be found in moist soils such as along stream banks, in wet meadows, marshes and at the base of waterfalls Plant strategy type/successional stage (stress-tolerator, competitor, weedy/colonizer, seral, late successional) Associated species Kneeling Angelical is found in Boreal White and Black Spruce Forests. It is also found in both coastal and interior Western Hemlock and Douglas fir forests. May be collected as This species may be collected as seeds. No other information available. Seed germination Seeds need 3-6month stratification prior to planting. Seeds also require light in order to germinate. Seed life Seeds should be planted out immediately in order to stratify then germinate in the spring. Recommended seed storage conditions Seeds can not be stored. Propagation recommendations The only information available currently is propagation from seed. Installation form Recommend installation be in the form of seeds planted out in the fall. Care requirements after installed This species requires moist to wet site. It is recommended that the seeds be planted out in the fall in an appropriate location. Normal rate of growth or spread; lifespan Kneeling Angelica is a perennial. Sources cited http://www.hylebos.org/statepark/Angelica.htm http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/nature/gorge/5petal/pars/angelica/genuflex a.htm Flora of Mt Rainier by Dave Biek Vascular Plants of British Columbia by Roy Taylor and Bruce MacBryde Forest Plant Associations of Olympic National Forest Data compiled by (student name and date) Nancy Toenyan May 24, 2006 .