Patented Aug. 27, 1929. 1,725,797 . UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. w MORTIMER. T. HARVEY, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR. To THE HARVEL CORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF NEw JERSEY. CASHEw-NUT-SHELL or L CONDENSER PRODUCT AND PROCESS FOR MAKING SAME. No Drawing. Application filed June 15, 1928. Serial No. 285,787. The present invention relates to materials classified as an acid oxidizing agent. Here and processes for making them, in which inafter the catalytic materials above men cashew nut shell liquid is employed. The in tioned will be referred to as driers, because 55 vention relates more particularly to mate they are employed to initiate or aid in drying 5 rials and processes involving the use of of the cashewnut shell liquid or products cashew nut shell liquid and an aldehyde made therewith, or in producing the drying with or without the use there with of a drying characteristic in cashew nut shell liquid. In oil or oils, such as linseed oil or tung oil, fish preparing products of this invention for use 60 oil or other equivalent oils, and in each case in the practical arts commercial cashew nut 10 with or without a drying agent or accelerator shell liquid is used, and this is secured as a or catalyst. w by-product of the cashew nut kernel, the It is an object of the invention to produce shell being burned or charred over an open from cashew nut shell liquid and other mate fire so that it can be removed by hand from 65 rials, products for coatings, impregnations, the kernel, the shell liquid being caught as it l3 paints, varnishes, molded compositions, for drips or flows from the opened shell. use in the paint industry, in electrical insula In the practice of this invention the alde tion, in molded articles and for use in the art hydes suitable are formaldehyde, paraform, generally. - acetaldehyde, paraldehyde, benzaldehyde, 70 It is another object of the invention to pro furfuraldehyde and other well known com. 20 vide a liquid coating material which will dry pounds comprising the aldehyde group of at normal temperatures within a few hours. atoms. The preferred aldehyde is formalde Other objects and advantages of the inven hyde and this can be used in its various forms, tion will appear from the following specifica namely; in the gaseous form; in solution in 5 tion in which the processes, methods, steps Water, the commercial forty per cent solution 25 and materials of the invention are fully de in water being suitable; and in the polymer scribed, and the invention also consists in ized form called metaformaldehyde or para the various methods and materials set forth form. The formaldehyde gas can be passed. in the appended claims. through a body of the cashew nut shell liq- 80 Primarily the method of the invention com uid; the water solution thereof can be mixed 30 prises bringing cashewnutshell liquid and an with the cashew nut shell liquid; and the aldehyde, preferably formaldehyde, together metaformaldehyde can be mixed with the to produce reaction products and materials cashew nut shell liquid. In the use of the having characteristics and properties herein different aldehydes and of different forms of 85 after set forth. a given aldehyde the reaction with the cashew 35 According to the invention the cashew nut nut shell liquid can take place at different shell liquid and formaldehyde can be reacted temperatures ranging from normal tempera with each other under different conditions of tures upwardly to points as high as 600° to temperature and pressure, and in each case 700° C. or more. When water solution of 90 with or without the influence of other mate formaldehyde is used, for some purposes the 40 rials such as driers or catalysts. Examples reaction is carried on at about 125° to 135° of the catalysts suitable for this purpose are C. but the reaction can be brought about at acid gums such, for example, as manganese temperatures above or below. The fact that resinate, rosin, and the like; acids, for exam formaldehyde passes as a gas from its water 95 ple, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid; alkali, for solution at about 95°C. is, in some cases, an 45 example, ammonia, lime, soda, baria, and so influencing factor in determining the tem on; oxygen containing metal compounds perature at which the reaction is brought other than those included in the above exam about, and in some cases the reaction is car ples, for example, copper oleate, copper car ried under a reflux condenser to return vapor- 100 bonate, copper ammonium sulphate, copper ized formaldehyde by means of condensed 50 ammonium hydroxide and so on; also metals water vapor which catches the formaldehyde such as copper, nickel and so on; and the vapor and carries it back. And recourse can nitric acid or the manganese resinate can be be had to other and various expedients well 2 1,725,797 known in the practice of the science of chem material depends on the history of its treat istry and physics to adapt the particular ment and on the ingredients and proportions processes used to the nature of the various al thereof and also on the temperature at which dehydes and aldehyde compounds employed drying is carried on. The prepared mate in the practice of this invention. rials which have been made at normal or room 70 The paraform or metaformaldehyde is sol temperature require longer for drying but uble in cashew nut shell liquid in both the some of those prepared with the use of heat solid form and in the melted or liquid form, will dry at room temperature in twenty-four and can be used therewith for purposes for hours, and at about 100° C. in from one-half which formaldehyde is used. The paraform to two hours. Examples of time and tem 75 will react with cashew nut shell liquid at perature for drying will be given hereinafter normal or room temperature but the time of with detailed description of the making of reaction can be decreased by heating, for ex illustrative examples of the invention. ample, at about 90° C. to 120°C, and at It is to be understood in this description 5 other temperatures above and below this of the invention that while commercial ca 80 range. The time of heating is suited to the shewnut shell liquid is cited, said liquid se particular application to which the material cured in other ways than those described to be prepared is to be put. can be used such for example as by opening Below is a tabulation of relations and con the shell mechanically and then removing the 20. ditions showing generally, but not limiting, shell liquid, because the commercial liquid 85 the manner in which cashew nut shell liquid has essential characteristics which are and water solutions of formaldehyde can be neither lost nor received during the removal brought together; and the other forms of by charring the shell. For example, the formaldehyde, the gaseous form and the par commercial liquid, like the liquid from me 25 aform as well as the other aldehydes can be chanically opened shells, will stand for years 90 used generally in the same manner. In the eX d to the air without drying or forming following table cashew nut shell liquid is a I. referred to as cashew liquid. It is to be further noted that the incorpora (1) Raw cashew liquid and formaldehyde tion of formaldehyde in cashew nutshell 30 at normal temperature. , coatings, molded compositions, and so on, 95 S.) Cooked cashew liquid and formalde the chemical resistance electrical insulation hy e at normal temperature. characteristics are bettered very much even (3) Raw cashew liquid, formaldehyde and when very small quantities are used. For drier at normal temperature. - example, four milkraft paper impregnated 35 (4) Cooked cashew liquid, formaldehyde and coated with cashew nut shell liquid var 00 and drier at normal temperature. nish of a given kind to five to six mil total (5). Raw cashew liquid and formaldehyde, thickness has a puncture test of fifteen hun heated. dred volts per mill thickness of the varnished (6) Cooked cashew liquid and formalde- 9 aper, whereas in a similar varnished paper 40 hyde, heated. in which a like cashew nut shell liqui W8 05 (7). Raw cashew liquid and formaldehyde nish has incorporated therewith formalde heated, and drier added. hyde in amount eight-tenths of one per cent (8) Raw cashew liquid, formaldehyde and the puncture test is raised to eighteen hun drier, heated. - dred volts per mil. 45 (9) Cooked cashew liquid, formaldehyde, Likewise, the resistance to, solubility in il) heated and drier added. acids, alkalis, alcohol, benzol, gasoline and (10) Cooked cashew liquid, formalde 9ther materials and chemicals is appreciably hyde, and drier, heated. increased by the incorporation of formalde. Other variations in the method steps can hyde in the cashew nut shell varnish, or other 50 be used to suit conditions and requirements. preparation. Vanoline, herein referred to, 5 The driers can be those hereinabove cited, is a petroleum distillate taken off between and the time and temperatures of “cooking” gasoline and kerosene, the term is a common and “heating can be varied; for example, t)trade name.e - - - the “cooking' can be at 450° F. for two hours, ... In making molded compositions the cashew or the cashew liquid can be raised to 600° F. nut shell liquid preparations can be used in 20 and then immediately permitted to cool. the liquid form, or in jelly or gum form.