KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN GUWAHATI REGION STUDY MATERIAL HISTORY (027) for Class XII for the Academic year 2016-2017 Chief Patron Shri C. Neelap, DC, KVS RO, Guwahati Patrons Mr. J. Prasad, Assistant Commissioner, KVS RO, Guwahati Mr. D. Patle, Assistant Commissioner, KVS RO, Guwahati Mr. S. Bose, Assistant Commissioner, KVS RO, Guwahati Convener Mr. V.D. Tailor, Principal, KV CRPF, Guwahati Prepared/Revised by Mr. Rajneesh Kumar Tripathi, PGT (HISTORY), KV CRPF, Guwahati Mr. Mukesh Kumar, PGT (HISTORY), KV Happy Valley, Shillong Mr. B. K. Singh, PGT (HISTORY), KV Umroi Cantt. Shillong Mr. Mahendra Kumar, PGT (HISTORY), KV Upper Shillong, PREFACE This support material is prepared on the basis of the latest syllabus prescribed by CBSE for class XII (History). Needful additions have been made in order to make the concept clear as per latest syllabus and CBSE pattern. Maps have been attached with this support material in English. Key concepts in nut-shell, explanations, clues etc., are given at different difficulty level to get good marks. The support material has been prepared in English. Students are suggested to go through the support material. Regular reading and practice will help them to score very good marks in History. The following steps may be followed to use the material for the maximum benefit 1. Read and understand the concepts in nutshell given chapter wise 2. Learn questions and answers given in each chapter 3. Understand the questions and think about other possible questions which could be asked differently. 4. Learn the content thoroughly with the help of NCERT book. 5. Practice Maps in outline Map of India 6. Read CBSE pattern of questions and marks allotment for each Book. 7. Answer the Model paper given and verify the answer as per the CBSE value points. 8. Compelete your Project in time and make a nice project as per cbse norms it will help you to score good marks in Project and over all as well. 9. Attempt all questions and take monthly test seriously and make a file to collect questions of all tests and Pre Board Examinations. INDEX PAGE S.No. CONTENTS No. 1. CBSE-Pattern and Design -027 2. Tips to score well in History 3. Bricks, Beads and Bones 4. Kings, Farmers and Town 5. Kinship, Caste and Class 6. Thinkers, Beliefs and buildings 7. Through the eyes of travelers 8. Bhakti-Sufi traditions 9. An imperial capital: Vijayanagar 10. Peasants, Zamindar and the state 11. Kings and chronicles 12. Colonialism and the country side 13. Rebels and the Raj 14. Colonial cities 15. Mahatma Gandhi & Nationalist movement 16. Understanding partitions 17. Framing the constitution 18 Model Question papers 18 Question bank 19 Maps 20. Guidance for Project Work Note: - According to Board question papers of 2015-2016 one internal choice is given to the students in each question of PART-C (Long Answer Questions) 8 Mark questions. TIPS TO SCORE HIGH MARKS IN BOARD EXAM – HISTORY COURSE TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE CLASSROOM LEARNING:- Create a positive attitude. You may ask "how does creating a good attitude supposed to boost up my mark?" Well, if you create a good attitude in studying and think positive things about studying, it’s likely that you will start liking a subject that you were really not fond of before. You may also get marks for having a good attitude and for not disrupting a class. Attend your classes regularly. If you attend classes daily instead of skipping them, you will be there to listen to all the lessons the teachers are teaching and won't miss important days. It's likely that you will remember or learn more if you are in class when the teacher is teaching than if you skipped class and then take notes later on. Set goals for yourself. Set goals like 'get good marks in math, science etc' for yourself and then try your hardest to achieve those goals. If you fail once, don't give up, keep trying. Do your homework daily. When you get homework, do it, don't leave it. If you're tempted to watch your favourite TV show instead of do homework, think about it this way: Is your favourite TV show going to help you get into a good university and possibly help you achieve the job of your dreams? If the answer is yes, then by all means watch the show. Homework is important because it gives you practice on the subject that you are learning. Always do your homework. Ask for help when you need it. If you have a question on something, ask for help, don't just leave it behind. You can ask anybody who has knowledge on the subject that you need help with like your parents, teacher, brother or sister. It will most definitely help you in tests and quizzes. Manage your time effectively. It will help you reduce anxiety and focus on studying. If you have a test next week, start studying now. Try not to study at the last minute and cram the night before. Try studying 1 or 2 hours daily and leave a half hour for homework. If you study before you do homework, it will help you do your homework faster and help you understand the subject better. Understand yourself. A big part of academic success is having the right mindset. You have to not only believe in yourself, but also know enough about yourself to know how to achieve that success. Take the time to examine your academic strengths and weaknesses and find ways to capitalize on your strengths while overcoming or minimizing your weaknesses. Finally, understand how you learn things best -- your learning style -- and try and find classes and study methods that best utilize the way you learn. Manage Your Courses. Many students struggle academically, not because they do not have the abilities, but because they simply do not actively manage their courses. You should be an expert on the syllabus of each of your courses, with a strong sense of every major assignment and test- including expectations, requirements, and due dates. If some of your teachers are too vague on their syllabi, t a k e the time to get the detailed information you need to better plan and execute all graded materials for your classes now. Read Actively. Yes, there is quite a bit of reading assigned in schools. Still, part of your job as a student is to not only read all of it - but do so actively rather than passively. Active reading means doing more than just reading. For some people, it means underlining, highlighting, or annotating the materials. Others develop a list of keywords and summarize materials as they read. Still others continually quiz themselves and try to put the information in a different context that helps them better understand it and retain it. Understand the three R's of memory: reception (attentive and observant), retention (review and recite), and recollection (organizing and visualizing). Utilize Every Class. This tip is not just about attending every class -- though attendance is the foundation of it. Not only must you attend every class session, but you should do so with a strategy to succeed. First, you should sit toward the front of the class; studies show that students who sit in one of the first few rows generally achieve better grades than students who sit toward the back. Second, you should get actively involved in the class. Of course, some classes are pure lecture format, but most allow -- and desire -- some level of student participation -- so get involved and speak up. Finally, if you're going to make the effort to attend class, do so with the primary goal of learning -- which means don't be distracted reading other materials, texting, surfing the Net on your laptop, or talking to the student next to you. Take Great Notes. It's not enough to attend and be actively involved in every class -- you need to also listen carefully and take detailed notes. Obviously you need to listen to take great notes, but there's more to listening than just taking notes. Many teachers provide pretty strong clues about the most important elements within a lecture -- even going as far as to say something about a topic's importance for the next test. The best students pick up on these clues. In terms of note-taking, there are any number of systems (Cornell, outlining, mapping, charting, and sentence methods), so the crucial step for you is to find the one system -- including one you develop for yourself -- that works for you. Study Daily and Differently. Every single study of academic success shows that students who commit some time every day to studying -- reading, writing, reviewing, etc. -- perform at a much higher level than those who study in larger chunks, and much better than those who cram. Studying daily builds and increases your knowledge base for the long-term -- assuming you are studying actively rather than passively. Active studying means practicing involving behaviors, such as creating outlines, developing flash cards, participating in study groups, rewriting notes, etc. When possible, take practice quizzes and tests to prepare for the actual examinations. Know Your Teachers. Put another way; make sure your Teacher knows you. It's amazing how many students choose to be anonymous in the classroom. There's nothing wrong with that strategy -- and in some massive lectures halls of thousands of students, it might be your only choice. You don't have to become best buddies with your Teachers -- and we are not advocating the "kiss-up" strategy either.