South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2015 A Revision of the Bee Genus Ptiloglossa Smith (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Diphaglossinae) Rita Isabel Velez-Ruiz South Dakota State University Follow this and additional works at: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd Recommended Citation Velez-Ruiz, Rita Isabel, "A Revision of the Bee Genus Ptiloglossa Smith (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Diphaglossinae)" (2015). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1870. https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1870 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A REVISION OF THE BEE GENUS PTILOGLOSSA SMITH (HYMENOPTERA: COLLETIDAE: DIPHAGLOSSINAE) BY RITA ISABEL VELEZ-RUIZ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Major in Plant Science South Dakota State University 2015 iii Este trabajo está dedicado a Martha, Oscar Alberto, Juan Camilo y Alejandro, quienes han sido siempre mi apoyo y me han dado fuerzas para seguir adelante. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am very grateful to Dr. Ricardo Ayala who guided me through the entire process of my work with Ptiloglossa bees. To Dr. Paul J. Johnson for his support and help during these years. A special thanks and admiration is extended to Drs. Charles Michener and Jerry Rozen for their comments, suggestions and continuous encouragement over the years that developed my inspiration and desire to keep going with this quest. Thanks to all directors, curators, collection managers and museum staff that happily received me during my visits and lent specimens for study. I want to thank my committee members for their comments and suggestions on this manuscript. To my friends here at South Dakota State University Rosa Guerrero, Veronica Calles and Jaeyoung Sim; to the Schumacher family (Doris, Tom, Glenn and Hannah) and the Malo family (Mary and Doug) who contributed their smiles for a happy end to this journey. To the National Science Foundation’s InvertNet Project, the Plant Science Department at SDSU and the Ernst Mayr Grant from the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, that provided financial support through a graduate assistantship, a collection management position, travel fees and laboratory facilities. v CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES...................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... xvi INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1 Higher Classification of Ptiloglossa ........................................................................2 The genus Ptiloglossa Smith, 1953 .........................................................................5 Taxonomy: Historical summary of Ptiloglossa species description ........................8 Phylogenetic relationships among Ptiloglossa bees ..............................................14 MaterialS and Methods ..........................................................................................15 Characters Studied .................................................................................................17 Phylogenetic study of Ptiloglossa ..........................................................................17 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ............................................................................20 Genus Ptiloglossa Smith 1853 ...............................................................................20 Relevant Characters Studied ..................................................................................23 Taxonomical treatment: Classification of Ptiloglossa Species ..............................28 Ptiloglossa aculeata Friese ....................................................................................28 Ptiloglossa aenigmatica Moure .............................................................................30 Ptiloglossa amita Moure ........................................................................................34 Ptiloglossa arizonensis Timberlake .......................................................................38 Ptiloglossa buchwaldi Friese .................................................................................45 Ptiloglossa chamelensis Ayala & Engel ................................................................47 Ptiloglossa colombiana Velez-Ruiz, new species .................................................51 Ptiloglossa concinna Moure ..................................................................................56 vi Ptiloglossa costaricana Moure ..............................................................................58 Ptiloglossa cyaniventris Friese ..............................................................................68 Ptiloglossa decipiens Moure ..................................................................................71 Ptiloglossa decora Moure ......................................................................................75 Ptiloglossa dubia Moure ........................................................................................77 Ptiloglossa ducalis Smith ......................................................................................81 Ptiloglossa eximia (Smith) .....................................................................................84 Ptiloglossa fulvopilosa (Cameron) ......................................................................100 Ptiloglossa generosa (Smith) ...............................................................................102 Ptiloglossa giacomellii Schrottky ........................................................................104 Ptiloglossa goffergei Moure ................................................................................106 Ptiloglossa hemileuca Moure ..............................................................................108 Ptiloglossa hondurasica Cockerell ......................................................................112 Ptiloglossa hoplopoda Moure ..............................................................................114 Ptiloglossa immixta Moure ..................................................................................117 Ptiloglossa jonesi Timberlake..............................................................................119 Ptiloglossa lanosa Moure ....................................................................................125 Ptiloglossa latecalcarata Moure..........................................................................127 Ptiloglossa lucernarum Cockerell .......................................................................129 Ptiloglossa magrettii (Friese) ..............................................................................133 Ptiloglossa matutina (Schrottky) .........................................................................135 Ptiloglossa mexicana (Cresson) ...........................................................................140 Ptiloglossa olivacea (Friese)................................................................................147 vii Ptiloglossa ollantayi Cockerell ............................................................................149 Ptiloglossa pallida Friese ....................................................................................151 Ptiloglossa pretiosa (Friese) ................................................................................153 Ptiloglossa psednozona Moure ............................................................................158 Ptiloglossa rugata Moure ....................................................................................160 Ptiloglossa stafuzzai Moure .................................................................................164 Ptiloglossa styphlaspis Moure .............................................................................166 Ptiloglossa tarsata (Friese) ..................................................................................168 Ptiloglossa tenuimarginata (Smith) .....................................................................176 Ptiloglossa thoracica (Fox) .................................................................................180 Ptiloglossa tomentosa (Friese) .............................................................................184 Ptiloglossa torquata Moure .................................................................................187 Ptiloglossa trichrootricha Moure ........................................................................189 Ptiloglossa willinki Moure ...................................................................................191 Ptiloglossa xanthorhina Moure ...........................................................................193 Ptiloglossa xanthotricha Moure ..........................................................................195 Morphological Species Groups ............................................................................267 Group 1: abdomen brown