Draft Report क� द्र�यभू�म �ल बो जल संसाधन, नद� �वकास और गंगा संर�ण मंत्रा भारत सरकार Central Ground Water Board Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation Government of India Report on AQUIFER MAPS AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN Khatav (Vaduj) Taluka, Satara District, Maharashtra (Part-II) म鵍ा �ेत, नागपुर Central Region, Nagpur भारत सरकार Government of India जल संसाधन, नद� �वकास एवं गंगा संर�ण मंत्रा Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation के न ् द ् भू�म जल बोडर CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD जलभृत नक्शे तथा ूजलभ �बंधन योजन पर सबिक् � �रपो Brief Report on Aquifer Maps and Ground Water Management Plan KHATAV (VADUJ) TALUKA, SATARA DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA खटाव (वडुज) तालुका, सातारा िजल्ा, म्ाराष् मध् क्ष, नागपुर/ Central Region, Nagpur 2017 March 2017 माचर / 2 PART-II BRIEF REPORT ON AQUIFER MAPS AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT PLANS, KHATAV TALUKA, SATARA DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA STATE CONTRIBUTORS Principal Authors Anu Radha Bhatia : Scientist-D (Sr. Hydrogeologist) J. R. Verma : Scientist-D Supervision & Guidance D. Subba Rao : Regional Director Dr. P.K. Jain : Supdtg. Hydrogeologist Sourabh Gupta : Sr. Hydrogeologist A. B. Kavade : Sr. Hydrogeologist Hydrogeology, GIS maps and Management Plan J. R. Verma : Scientist-D Hydrogeological Data Acquisition and Groundwater Exploration Catherine Louis : Scientist-B Junaid Ahmad : Scientist-B Chemical Analysis Dr. Devsharan Verma : Scientist B (Chemist) Dr. Rajni Kant Sharma : Scientist B (Chemist) T. Dinesh Kumar : Assistant Chemist 3 PART-II BRIEF REPORT ON AQUIFER MAPS AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT PLANS, KHATAV TALUKA, SATARA DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA STATE CONTENTS 1 BRIEF INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1 2 SALIENT FEATURES ............................................................................................................................. 2 3 AQUIFER DISPOSITION ....................................................................................................................... 4 4 GROUND WATER RESOURCE, EXTRACTION, CONTAMINATION AND OTHER ISSUES ........................ 6 5 GROUND WATER RESOURCE ENHANCEMENT AND PROPOSED MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS ... 8 5.1 Resource Enhancement by supply side interventions................................................................8 5.2 Resource Enhancement by demand side interventions.............................................................8 5.3 Probable Benefits .......................................................................................................................11 5.4 Regulatory Measures ................................................................................................................. 11 6 SUM UP ............................................................................................................................................ 12 1 BRIEF REPORT ON AQUIFER MAPS AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT PLANS, KHATAV TALUKA, SATARA DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA STATE 1 BRIEF INTRODUCTION In XII five-year plan (2012-17), National Aquifer Mapping (NAQUIM) has been introduced to carry out detailed hydrogeological investigation on toposheet scale (1:50,000). Keeping in view the current demand vis-à-vis supply and futuristic requirement of water, Central Ground Water Board has taken up NAQUIM in Over-exploited, Critical and Semi-Critical talukas and prioritised stress areas. Hence, water stress area i.e., Khatav Taluka of Satara district has been taken up to carry out detailed hydrogeological investigation covering an area of 1358 sq.km in the year 2016-17. The index map of the study area is presented below- Fig 1.1. Fig 1.1 Index map of the Study area 2 2 SALIENT FEATURES PARTICULARS Khatav District Satara State Maharashtra Area (sq.km.) 1358 Population (2011) Rural/Urban 275274/0 Total 275274 Rainfall (mm) I. Normal Annual Rainfall 579 mm II. Current Rainfall (2016) 515.1 (-11 % deficient) III. Rainfall Trend (mm/yr) 0.101 (1998 to 2016) Agriculture (sq.km.) i. Principal Crops Jawari 174.29 Bajra 337.0 Wheat 43.15 Sugarcane 35.4 Onion 14.81 Cotton 9.62 Groundnut 20.89 Sunflower 4.12 ii. Cultivable Area 1034.81 iii. Net Sown Area 655.38 iv. Forest 41.21 Irrigation Sources (sq.km.) i. Ground water 98.52 ii. Surface Water 58.1 Data Utilised i. Key Observation Wells 44 ii. GW exploration 17EW+ 6 OW iii. VES 0 iv. GWQ sampling locations- AQI 32 AQII 13 Existing / Future Water Demands (MCM) Domestic & Industrial 5.89/ 11.26 (2025) Irrigation 113.25 / 9.09 Water Level Behaviour Aquifer I Pre-monsoon WL (m bgl) 2.95 to 24 Post-monsoon WL (m bgl) 0.5 to 19.1 Pre-monsoon WL Trend –Rise (m/yr) 0.01 to 0.04 Pre-monsoon WL Trend-Fall(m/yr) -0.01 to -1.36 Post-monsoon WL Trend -Rise(m/yr) 0.00 to 0.1 Post-monsoon WL Trend -Fall(m/yr) -0.01 to -1.34 Aquifer II Pre-monsoon WL (Aq-II) m bgl 2.3 to 95.00 Post-monsoon WL (Aq-II) m bgl 2 to 31.00 3 Fig 2.1 : Depth to water level of Aquifer I and Aquifer II 4 3 AQUIFER DISPOSITION 2-D and 3-D Aquifer Aquifer: Basalt; Aquifer I - Weathered/Fractured Basalt: Depth range- 5 to Disposition 24 m and thickness of 4 to 14 m. Aquifer II - Jointed/Fractured Basalt: Depth range - 20 to 152 m, Thickness – 0.5 to 12 m 3-D Aquifer Disposition Aquifer- I, Depth of occurrence & Aquifer-II, Depth of occurrence & Cumulative yield potential weathered/fractured rocks thickness fractured rocks thickness Type of Formation Depth SWL Fractures / Fractured / Yield Sustai- Aquifer Sy / S Suitability for Aquifer range (mbgl) weathered weathered nability parameter drinking/ (mbgl) Zones rocks (Transmissivity irrigation 2 encountered Thickness – m /day) (m bgl) (m) Aquifer-I Deccan Trap- 5 - 24 2.95 – 24 Upto 24 4 to 14 10 to 1 to 2 9.25-89.04 0.019- Yes , suitable 3 Weathered/ 200m /day Hours 0.028 for both Fractured Basalt -4 Aquifer-II Jointed/ 20-152 12-95 Upto 152 0.5 to 12 Upto 5 lps 0.5 to 3 10.85-131.11 3.34 x 10 - Yes, suitable Fractured Basalt hours -4 for both, 5.9 x 10 except High EC 4 GROUND WATER RESOURCE, EXTRACTION, CONTAMINATION AND OTHER ISSUES Khatav Aquifer wise Ground Water Resource availability and Extraction Ground Water Resource (MCM) Aquifer –I: upto 28 m Availability 133.61 Withdrawal 119.14 Ground Water Resource (MCM) Aquifer –II: 20 to 174 m Availability 22.28 Withdrawal 0 Stage of GW Development 89.17% Present Category Semi-critical Ground Water Related Issues Over Exploitation The stage of ground water development has increased over the period of time from 81.92% in 2008 to 89.17%. in 2013. The draft has increased from 11820 mcm in 2008 to 11914 mcm in 2013. Overdraft for irrigation purpose. Fig 4.1 Declining Water Levels Declining water level trend of more than 0.2m/year has been observed in 1142 Sq.km. (84% of the total area) in pre-monsoon and the post monsoon declining water level trend of more than 0.2m/year has been observed in about 812 Sq.km. (60% of the total area) Fig 4.2 Low Ground Water Potential Low ground water potential areas have been identified in 899 /Limited Aquifer Thickness / sq.km. ( Yield less than 25 m3/day , about 66 % of the total area Sustainability of the taluka) due to restricted depth of weathering in Aquifer-I and limited aquifer potential of Aquifer-II about 912 sqkm having yield potential less than 1 lps . Sustainability of both the aquifers is limited and the wells normally sustain pumping of 0.5 to 3 hours. The short term rainfall analysis for the period 2006-2015 Low Rainfall and Droughts indicates that average rainfall is 554.78, whereas the long term rainfall data for 18 years (1998-2016) for the taluka was also analyzed and it indicates that normal rainfall is 579 mm . The current rainfall (2015) is 543.7 mm (07% deficient). From the decadal rainfall trend analysis from 2006 to 2015 it’s observed that, the taluka experiencing low and declining rainfall with frequent droughts. 7 ISSUE: OVER-EXPLOITATION Fig 4.1 Stage of ground water development and draft ISSUE: DECLINE OF WATER LEVEL Fig 4.2 Pre-monsoon decline of water level @ >0.2m/year is 1142 Sqkm (84% of area ) and decline @> 0.2m/year about 812 sqkm (60% of the area) during post monsoon period 8 5 GROUND WATER RESOURCE ENHANCEMENT AND PROPOSED MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS Khatav 5.1 Resource Enhancement by Supply Side Interventions Recharge Potential 33.14 Surface water requirement @ 75% efficiency 44.08 Availability of Surplus surface runoff 20.3 Surplus runoff considered for planning 20.3 Proposed Artificial Recharge Structures PT 71 CD 203 Volume of Water expected to be recharged @ 75% efficiency (MCM) 15.22 Proposed RTRWH Households to be covered 15030 Total RWH potential 0.42 Rainwater harvested / recharged @ 80% runoff co-efficient 0.34 Estimated Expenditure (Rs. in Cr.) 22.55 RTRWH Economically not viable & Not Recommended. Total estimated Cost of RTRWH would be- 21.64 Cr. For Harvesting 032 MCM of Rain Water. Total volume of water expected to be recharged/ conserved by AR 15.22 Total Estimated Expenditure for AR 167.4 5.2 Resource Enhancement by Demand Side Interventions DEMAND SIDE INTERVENTIONS Khatav Proposed Cropping Pattern change None Micro irrigation techniques Micro Irrigation Techniques in 70% sugarcane cropped area of 35.4 sq.km 24.74 Volume of Water expected to be saved (MCM). Surface Flooding req- 2.45 m. Drip 14.1018 Req. - 1.88, WUE- 0.57 m Estimated Expenditure (Rs. in Cr.) @ Rs. 60,000/- per acre 36.67952 Micro Irrigation Techniques in 40% double cropped area of 48.03 sq.km 19.212 Volume of Water expected to be saved (MCM). Surface Flooding req- 0.9m. Drip Req. 7.6848 - 0.5, WUE- 0.0.4 m Estimated Expenditure (Rs. in Cr.) @ Rs. 25,000/- per acre 11.86821 50% of Onion crop area (14.81) proposed to be covered under Drip (sq.km.) 7.405 Volume of Water expected to be saved (MCM). Surface Flooding req- 0.78 m. Drip 1.93 Req. - 0.52, WUE- 0.26 m Estimated Expenditure (Rs.