AND LINGUISTICS LANGUAGE JAPANESE TO EUROPEAN APPROACHES Ca’ Foscari Japanese Studies 13 Linguistic and Language Education 1 — European Approaches to Japanese Language PAPPALARDO, HEINRICH PAPPALARDO, and Linguistics edited by Giuseppe Pappalardo and Patrick Heinrich Edizioni Ca’Foscari European Approaches to Japanese Language and Linguistics Ca’ Foscari Japanese Studies Linguistics and Language Education Collana diretta da | A series directed by Luisa Bienati, Paolo Calvetti, Toshio Miyake, Massimo Raveri 13 | 1 Ca’ Foscari Japanese Studies Linguistics and Language Education General scientific editors History and Society sub-series: Toshio Miyake (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Arts and Literature sub-series: Luisa Bienati (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Linguistics and Language Education sub-series: Paolo Calvetti (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia Religion and Thought sub-series: Massimo Raveri (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia)) Scientific boards History and Society sub-series: Sonia Favi (The University of Manchester, UK) Kimio Ito¯ (Kyoto University, Japan) Toshio Miyake (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Andrea Revelant (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Steffi Richter (Universität Leipzig, Deutschland) Sven Saaler (Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan) Hirofumi Utsumi (Otemon Gakuin University, Japan) Marco Zappa (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Arts and Literature sub-series: Tomoko Aoyama (The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia) Jaqueline Berndt (Kyoto Seika University, Japan) Luisa Bienati (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Katja Centonze (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Caterina Mazza (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Daniela Moro (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Carolina Negri (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Andreas Regelsberger (Universität Trier, Deutschland) Bonaventura Ruperti (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Silvia Vesco (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Pierantonio Zanotti (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Linguistics and Language Education sub-series: Patrick Heinrich (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Hideo Hosokawa (Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan) Kikuo Maekawa (National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, Tokyo, Japan) Marcella Mariotti (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Giuseppe Pappalardo (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Barbara Pizziconi (SOAS, University of London, UK) Aldo Tollini (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Religion and Thought sub-series: Giovanni Bulian (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Andrea De Antoni (Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan) Federico Marcon (Princeton University, USA) Tatsuma Padoan (University College Cork, Ireland) Silvia Rivadossi (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Executive coordinator Marcella Mariotti (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Head office Dipartimento di Studi sull’Asia e sull’Africa Mediterranea Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Palazzo Vendramin dei Carmini Dorsoduro 3462 30123 Venezia e-ISSN 2610-9417 ISSN 2724-1203 URL https://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/en/edizioni4/collane/ca-foscari-japanese-studies/ European Approaches to Japanese Language and Linguistics edited by Giuseppe Pappalardo and Patrick Heinrich Venezia Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing 2020 European Approaches to Japanese Language and Linguistics Giuseppe Pappalardo, Patrick Heinrich (edited by) © 2020 Giuseppe Pappalardo, Patrick Heinrich for the text © 2020 Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing for the present edition cb Quest’opera è distribuita con Licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione 4.0 Internazionale This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Qualunque parte di questa pubblicazione può essere riprodotta, memorizzata in un sistema di recupero dati o trasmessa in qualsiasi forma o con qualsiasi mezzo, elettronico o meccanico, senza autorizzazione, a condizione che se ne citi la fonte. 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The evaluations were conducted in adherence to the scientific and editorial criteria established by Edizioni Ca’ Foscari. European Approaches to Japanese Language and Linguistics / edited by Giusep- pe Pappalardo, Patrick Heinrich — 1. ed. — Venezia: Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing, 2020. — 252 p.; 23 cm. — (Ca’ Foscari Japanese Studies; 13, 1). — ISBN 978-88-6969-429-5 URL http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/it/edizioni/libri/978-88-6969-429-5 DOI http://doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-428-8 European Approaches to Japanese Language and Linguistics edited by Giuseppe Pappalardo and Patrick Heinrich Table of Contents Introduction Giuseppe Pappalardo, Patrick Heinrich 7 SECTION 1. RESEARCH PAPERS Linguistic Factors Affecting Moraic Duration in Spontaneous Japanese Giuseppe Pappalardo 15 Syllable Weakening in Kagoshima Japanese An Element-Based Analysis Connor Youngberg 31 The Interaction of Relativization and Noun Incorporation in Southern Hokkaidō Ainu Elia Dal Corso 47 Thinking-for-Speaking to Describe Motion Events English-Japanese bilinguals’ L1 English and L2 Japanese Speech and Gesture Noriko Iwasaki, Keiko Yoshioka 71 Strategies of Impoliteness in Japanese Spontaneous Talks Paolo Calvetti 99 Ideological Manipulation in Interlingual Subtitling The Japanese-Italian Translation of a nyūhāfu Genderlect in the Movie Close-Knit by Ogigami Naoko Francesco Vitucci 115 Corpus Linguistics as a Tool for Metapragmatics in Japan Berhard Seidl 141 Stirring the ‘Language Policy Soup’ Japanese in Language Education Policies in France and Finland Christian Galan, Riikka Länsisalmi 165 SECTION 2. MISCELLANEOUS L’esprit de celui qui parle Wilhelm von Humboldt on Japanese and its Speakers Patrick Heinrich 187 New Approach to Teaching Japanese Pronunciation in the Digital Era Challenges and Practices Ueyama Motoko 201 The Role of the Japanese Language in Venice A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Japanese Linguistic Landscape Laura Pani 221 A Consideration About Competence in Kanji and Their Teaching Aldo Tollini 241 European Approaches to Japanese Language and Linguistics edited by Giuseppe Pappalardo and Patrick Heinrich Introduction Giuseppe Pappalardo Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia Patrick Heinrich Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia The study of language does not occur in a social vacuum. Scholars are part of society and for this reason their work reflects the peri- od of time in which they live and the places where they work. The European tradition in the study of language has made many semi- nal contributions – theoretical, descriptive, or applied. While lan- guage and the study of language have been taught in academia for as long as universities have existed in Europe, it is generally agreed that linguistics only came into existence as a discipline in its own right with the posthumous publication of Ferdinand de Saussure’s lectures on the study of language in 1916. Setting out from his semi- nal Cours de linguistique générale, students of language started look- ing at language as an autonomous and systematic whole where lin- guistic changes would need to be accounted for with reference to the overall systematic relations that constitute a language. This was a milestone for the development of philology and linguistics, and it was achieved in a European context. In Japan, the establishment of such a systematic and comprehensive study of language was greeted with much enthusiasm, and Saussure’s Cours was published in a Jap- anese translation as early as 1928. Hideo Kobayashi, then professor of National Language at the Imperial University of Seoul, translated this work as Gengogaku genron, literally ‘Principles of Linguistics’. What is more, he published new editions of his translation in 1940, 1941 and 1950 in order to share new insights gained from philologi- cal studies into Saussure’s ideas on language. There are two lessons 7 Giuseppe Pappalardo, Patrick Heinrich Introduction to be learned from this brief review for our present volume. Firstly, the study of the Japanese language in Japan was largely influenced by European linguistic theory, and secondly, the foundational linguis- tic theory was developed on the basis of European languages. It is thus unsurprising to find that this kind of linguistic theory was crit- icized for the limitations resulting from such developments. Again, Japan was among the first countries in which criticism emerged. The criticism was twofold. To start with, it was argued that a European language theory could not be forced upon non-European languages, and another point